A Study On Practice Turn In View Of Scientific Problem

Scientific problem is of great significance in scientific research.Popper once said that "scientific research begins with problem." Scientific problem has dynamic significance for the development and progress of scientific research.However,scientific problem has not received the attention it deserves in the study of philosophy of science.Looking back on the history of Western philosophy of science,we found that the views of different schools on scientific problem have gone through a path from "representationalism" to "practice turn".Scientific problem is the starting point of scientific research.At different stages of the development of philosophy of science,the way and focus of scientific problem are very different.Logical Positivism and Popper rationally reconstruct scientific problem.Kuhn and Laudan believe that scientific problem has the subjective characteristics.Kuhn introduced the paradigm and the scientific community into the explanation of scientific problem.Laudan's problem-solving model for scientific progress takes the problem-solving effectiveness of scientific theories under traditional research as the standard for measuring scientific progress.The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge understands scientific problem as social constructed.However,they jointly hold Representationalism's view of scientific problem and understand scientific problem only as representation,and thus fall into the crisis of representationalism.Different from the Representationalism's view of scientific problem,the physical,social,and time dimensions are really included in the understanding of scientific problem based on practical standpoint.From the perspective of the philosophy of scientific practice,scientific research begins with the opportunistic practice of scientific problem,and the laboratory is an important place to explore scientific problem.According to the Pickering's mangle theory,In the laboratory,the mangle of human power and material power promotes the continuous development of scientific problem.The process of scientific problem development is a practical modeling process.Under the mangle of human power and physical power,the problem-solving model continues to expand,and eventually Towards the end of openness.This article takes LIGO's research on problem of gravitational wave detection as an example.The analysis shows that the problem of gravitational wave detection should be investigated from a practical standpoint.From a practical standpoint,research on the problem of gravitational wave detection began with Weber's opportunistic practice,and successfully detected gravitational wave under the mangle of the big scientific model of LIGO laboratory and its discipline characteristics and material forces.Although we have made many useful explanations on the practice turn in view of scientific problem,it has not been systematically defended in philosophy.On the one hand,from the perspective of scientific problem study,the philosophy of science has undergone a shift from theoretical to problem-oriented.This change requires us to strengthen our attention and research on the "view of scientific problem ";on the other hand,the views of various schools on scientific problem are basically consistent with their overall philosophical propositions.Therefore,understanding scientific problem from a practical standpoint is also a conscious manifestation of the practical turn of the view of science in philosophy of science.In addition,the explanation of the problem of gravitational wave detection from a practical standpoint responds well to Collins' "experimenters' return" phenomenon,and it also shows the rationality of the practice turn in view of scientific problem.