Study On Landscape Ecology And Optimized Regulation Of Rural Pond

As an important element of rural landscape,ponds are widely distributed in hilly and mountainous areas of south China.The spatial layout,connectivity and Habitat Quality of ponds have a profound impact on water purification,water conservation,biodiversity conservation and landscaping.Taking Renxian in Liangping district as an example,based on remote sensing image and elevation data in 2019,spatial statistical analysis,landscape pattern index,hydrological analysis,landscape gradient analysis and minimum consumption distance model were used to study the spatial distribution of ponds,the ecological network of ponds landscape was constructed.On this basis,combined with the current situation of the pond,and the pond landscape ecological optimization regulation approach of pond was put forward.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The landscape types of ponds in the study area are diverse,mainly small ponds,,farmland ponds and comprehensive use ponds;the morphology is mostly scattered and irregular;the combination form is series and series-parallel composite type.At present,there are problems such as eutrophication of water bodies,single species of plants,simple structure level,hardening of water banks and low connectivity of ponds in the study area.(2)There were 546 water ponds in the study area,with a total area of 79.06 hm~2(1.91%).The spatial distribution of ponds is deeply influenced by factors such as elevation,slope and settlement,and is concentrated in the area of low elevation(420-447.74m),low slope(0-6°)and adjacent settlement(0-40m).Compared with farmland,greenland and road landscape types,the pond landscape has simple shape,low landscape fragmentation and low landscape connectivity.The landscape gradient characteristics show that the number of pond patches,the proportion of patches and the landscape shape index all reach the maximum in buffer zone 5,and conversely,the smallest value in buffer zone 12.(3)Constructing water ecological network and habitat network provides a reference for improving the connectivity of water ponds.Pond patches,catchment nodes,natural water systems and stormwater runoff together constitute the water ecological network system.Among them,there are 282 rainwater runoffs and 199 catchment nodes,and only 40 ponds are located at the catchment nodes at present.In the habitat network system,there are 351 potential ecological corridors,which are mainly composed of agricultural land and woodland.As the width of potential ecological corridors increases,the proportion of ecological land in their landscape components decreases,making it more difficult to build.(4)Based on the analysis of the spatial pattern of rural pond landscape,ecological network construction and current problems of ponds,the ecological optimization and regulation of ponds landscape are proposed.Reasonable spatial configuration of ponds is the basis for realizing the ecological service function of ponds landscape.Taking hydrological regulation as the guide,it is suggested that ponds are deployed at low slope,rainwater collection and water catchment nodes where water systems intersect.The water ecological network is combined with the habitat network to improve the connectivity of the ponds.It is recommended to dredge the existing ditches and combine the semi-natural water ecological network to realize the hydrological connectivity of the ponds with the ditches and rivers;in addition,the ecological fracture points are repaired to restore the integrity of the habitat network.Habitat quality can be optimized from its water environment,revetment space and plant configuration.Combined with the characteristics of local rural landscape,the study area was constructed with a micro-wetland cluster model,a three-dimensional ecological agriculture model of top forest-slope farming-pond fish,and a"forest-field-residential-pond"model to create a unique pond landscape.The results of the study can provide some reference for landscape conservation of ponds,construction of small micro-wetlands and rural environmental improvement.