Effects Of Higher-order Interactions On The Ecological And Evolutionary Dynamics Of Host-parasite Community

Species live in the complex ecological networks,suffering diversity types of species interaction.Species interactions could strongly influence community stability,patterns of diversity,and better explaining the dynamics of natural community.In recent years,higher-order interactions have become a hot topic in ecological research.Many studies have showed that higher-order interactions exist in multi-species communities,and it plays an important role in studying the dynamics of multi-species communities.On the one hand,higher-order interactions have been well studied in competitive communities,however,the effect of higher-order interactions on the disease community has received little attention.On the other hand,interacting species choose each other,adapt to each other,and continuously coevolve.Previous studies have showed that additional interactions will change the fitness of species.Higher-order interactions play a key role in complex ecological networks.Based on the multihost-parasite community,this thesis compares the dynamics of community from models of higher-order interactions and direct interactions,exploring the importance of this indirect effect.From the perspective of coevolution,the influence of higher-order interactions on coevolutionary dynamics is explored here.It provides a basis for the studies of multi-species community dynamics.The research includes five chapters.In Chapter 1,the research status of higher-order interactions and coevolution theory are reviewed.In Chapter 2,briefly describes the higher-order interactions model,the phenomenon model and the mechanism model,the goodness of fit,the co-evolution theory.In Chapter 3,based on the Lotka–Volterra model,explored the importance of higher-order interactions in multihost-parasite community.In Chapter 4,based on the host-parasite model,we introduced the non-competent hosts(diluter),and here explored the influence of higher-order interactions on the coevolutionary dynamics of the host-parasitic interaction.In Chapter 5,we summarize and future prospects of this thesis.Through the research,the following new results have been explored obtained:(1)Fully specified higher-order interactions model performs best in describing the community dynamic of multiple host-parasitic.(2)The effects of intraspecific and inter-specific higher-order interactions are asymmetric,and the model with inter-specific higher-order interactions predicts accurately than that of intra-specific higher-order interactions.(3)Higher-order interactions of diluter inhibit traits diversity,change evolutionary stability.(4)Higher-order interactions of diluter inhibit disease prevalence,host diversity and parasite diversity.(5)Trade-off(resistance-reproduction,infectivity-maximum transmission rate)is crucial to the coevolutionary dynamics,different trade-off curvatures will result in different coevolutionary dynamics.