Study On Diversity And Activity Rhythm Of Birds And Mammals Based On Infrared Camera Trapping In Sample Areas Of The Upper Reaches Of Nujiang River,Tibet

The Nujiang River basin,which originates in Tibet,is a globally importa nt area for biodiversity and ecological landscape conservation.However,there are very few studies on wildlife in the Nujiang River basin.In order to supplement and improve the basic information such as bird and animal resources in the basin.96 infrared cameras were installed in sample areas of the upper reaches of Nujiang River(Luolong County-Basu County section)in accordance with the km grid method.For continuous monitoring for 10 months from October 2019 to August 2020.The study provided the diversity of birds and animals and the activity rhythm of some species in the sample area,and the diversity of birds and animals in some sample areas of 2 geographical units was compared.The main results are as follows:A total of 91,713 photos,6,446 camera days,and 3,883 independent valid photos of birds and mammals were obtained.A total of 30 species of birds in 5 orders and 12 families were identified,and 933 independent valid photos were obtained.A total of 18 species of mammals in 4 orders and 9 families were identified,and 2,112 independent valid photos were obtained.The top 5 birds in terms of number of independent valid photos are brown-chee-ked laughingthrush(Garrulax henrici),blood pheasant(Ithaginis cruentus),white eared-pheasant(Crossoptilon crossoptilon),chinese white-browed rosefinch(Carpodacus dubius),plain Mountain-finch(Leucosticte nemoricola).The top 5 mammals in terms of number of independent valid photos are blue sheep(Pseudois nayaur),alpine musk deer(Moschus chrysogaster),red fox (Vulpes vulpes),woolly hare(Lepus oiostolus),mainland serow(Capricornis milneedwardsii).27 species listed in the National or(and)Tibetan Key Wildlife Protection List.There are 1 critically endangered specie,6 endangered species,5 vulnerable species and 12 nera threatened species according to the Red List of China's Vertebrates.Among vertebrates in the sample area,8species are endemic to China.Among all 9 fauna type,the Himalaya Hengduan Mountain type and Highland type were the major types.The number of species,number of independent valid photos,diversity index,and evenness index were not significantly at different altitude ranges(No.of species: P=0.478>0.05;No.of independent valid photos: P=0.748>0.05;Diversity index: P=0.177>0.05;Evenness index: P=0.340>0.05).The Sorenson of birds and mammals in the sample area of Upper Salween incisive mountains and sample area of Boshulaling ridge were 0.685.The diversity indices revealed that the diversity of birds and animals in the sample area of the former were higher than those in sample area of the latter.The Night-time relative abundance index(NRAI)of blood pheasant,white eared-pheasant,buff-throated partridge,blue sheep,alpine musk deer,mainland serow and white-lipped deer indicate that they mainly engaged diurnal.NRAI of red fox,wolf,snow leopard and common leopard indicate that they mainly engaged in nocturnal.Daily activity rhythms of blue sheep did not differ significantly at different altitude ranges(P=0.589>0.05).Daily activity rhythms of alpine musk deer differed significantly at different altitude ranges(P=0.000<0.05).In this study,the diversity of birds and animals and the daily activity rhythm of some species in the upper reaches of Nujiang River were preliminarily studied,which provided reliable reference for the protection and manag ement of rare endangered species in the Nujiang River basin.The rich diversity of birds and mammals and numerous rare species indicate that the sample areas is of high research and conservation value.It is recommended that government departments at all levels pay more attention to and protect the diversity of birds and mammals in the Nujiang River basin.