| With the development of millimeter wave communications and even terahertz communications,the integrated packaging and integration of antennas and active circuits has received more and more attention.The multi-band circularly polarized antenna that can be directly integrated with the radio frequency circuit chip working in the 5G/6G communication frequency band,and can meet the needs of high transmission rate,high communication capacity and on-chip miniaturization,is a current research topic with great practical value.Compared with traditional high-gain antennas,holographic impedance modulated surface antennas have the advantages of low profile,simple feeding network,and easy conformality.In order to realize multi-band,multi-beam,and circularly polarized on-chip antennas in different application scenarios,this paper conducts research on holographic antennas from three aspects:scalar impedance modulated surface antennas,tensor impedance modulated surface antennas,and planar integrated impedance modulated surface antennas.First,for the scalar impedance-modulated surface antenna based on the square scalar surface element,the principle of unit impedance extraction and impedance modulation of the scalar impedance-modulated surface antenna is introduced in detail.Completed a single-feed scalar impedance modulation surface antenna design.In order to overcome the shortcomings of scalar holographic antennas such as low aperture surface efficiency and single polarization mode,a scalar slotted structure impedance modulation surface antenna and a scalar circular polarization impedance modulation surface antenna were designed respectively.Secondly,in order to further explore the effect of holographic antennas on beam regulation and increase the aperture surface efficiency,we carried out research on tensor impedance modulated surface antennas.Based on the circular slotted tensor surface element,the method of tensor element impedance extraction and the principle of tensor surface impedance modulation are introduced in detail.According to the principle of single-feed tensor impedance modulated surface antenna,the principle of multi-feed tensor surface impedance modulation is proposed,and a double-feed dual-circular polarization tensor holographic antenna is designed.On this basis,the principle of dual-band tensor surface impedance modulation is further proposed,and a dual-band left/right circularly polarized tensor impedance modulation surface antenna is designed.Finally,in order to achieve the design goal of integrated packaging and integration with active circuits,we conducted an exploratory study on planar integrated impedance modulation surface antennas.First,a microstrip-type monopole patch antenna is designed to replace the monopole feed.The simulation results show that the antenna has a radiation performance similar to that of the monopole feed.Next,a planar integrated impedance modulation surface antenna based on PCB technology was fabricated,and the actual measurement results verified the feasibility of the scheme.On this basis,based on the 0.18 um CMOS process,a 1 THz planar feed that meets the processing requirements is designed,and a rectangular tensor surface unit is used to complete a holographic antenna that achieves conjugate matching with the active circuit. |
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