Study On The Change Of Landscape Pattern And Its Influencing Factors In Sonid Right Banner From 1990 To 2019

In recent years,the regional landscape pattern has changed greatly under the influence of global climate change and human activities.The change of landscape pattern and its influencing factors became the focus of the research.Desert steppe is the most arid type of grassland,and its fragile ecosystem is easy to be destroyed and difficult to recover.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the landscape pattern of desert steppe for the protection and management of ecosystem.Through the Landsat images from 1990 to 2019,the data of various landscape types in Sonid Right Banner were obtained to analyze the dynamic changes of landscape types.The spatial-temporal differentiation of landscape pattern in different periods was quantitatively analyzed by means of grid technology.The factors influencing the change of landscape pattern in the study area were analyzed by using the methods of correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.The results are as follows:(1)Natural grassland constitutes the matrix landscape of the study area.From 1990 to 2005,the natural grassland landscape was mainly transformed into the landscape of sandy land,bare land and saline alkali land,mainly concentrated in the north central region;From 2005 to 2019,the mutual transformation between natural grassland landscape and enclosed grassland landscape mainly occurred in the central and northeast regions.(2)The overall landscape types of Sonid Right Banner are gradually enriched,the distribution is developing towards uniformity,the dominant landscape status is declining,the fragmentation is increasing,the landscape shape tends to be complex,and the heterogeneity is enhanced.The landscape spatial pattern has also changed significantly: before 2005,the matrix landscape fragmentation increased and the landscape structure was unstable in the Hunshandak Sandy land distribution zone in the north central part.After 2005,the landscape shape of the dry denuded layered high plain has become more complex,the spatial structure has become more diversified,and the heterogeneity has increased.The diversity of the southern region is low on the whole,but the southeast corner border area is increasingly fragmented due to the continuous segmentation of cultivated land landscape.(3)The analysis of the influencing factors of landscape types shows that the implementation of the policy directly promotes the area change of each landscape type,and the landscape area of natural grassland,cultivated land and sandy land decreases.Under the demand of economic development,social and economic factors stimulate and promote the dynamic changes of various landscape types.The gross domestic product increased,and enclosed grassland,artificial grassland,construction land and road landscape increased.Natural elements provide the background environment for the dynamic change of landscape types,and the fluctuation of sandy land,saline alkali land and water area will be affected by them.(4)The analysis of the influencing factors of landscape pattern shows that among the natural factors,the dry denuded layered high plain and wavy high plain are flat and open,the fragmentation increases,and the landscape diversity decreases.The dominance of sandy landform increases and the shape complexity decreases.The proportion of chestnut soil and brown calcium soil tends to be balanced.The landscape shape of aeolian sandy soil tends to be simplified,and the spatial heterogeneity is reduced.In the socio-economic factors,with the improvement of economic benefit and investment level,grassland fences and roads increase,patches are divided,and the original habitat is fragmented;The increase of population makes the landscape fragmented,reducing the connectivity between landscapes and the complexity of landscape shape.Poor people have a low ability to change the original ecological environment,and the landscape remains intact with a high degree of aggregation.The results of this study can provide reference for the protection of local natural resources,the utilization and management of grassland resources,and have extremely important ecological significance for the effective protection and control of desert grassland.