| Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)is the most widely used brominated flame retardant(BFRs)at present.With the rapid development of electronics industry,TBBPA has been widely found in atmosphere,soil,water,sediment and organisms,which has attracted extensive attention.At present,many studies on TBBPA have been carried out,and it has been found that TBBPA has potential toxic effects on organisms such as growth toxicity,neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption.It has also been reported that the transformation products of TBBPA have been detected in environmental media,and toxicological studies have found that the transformation products of TBBPA may have better toxicity,persistence and enrichment ability than the prototype,leading to its easier lasting existence in the environment,enrichment in organisms,and impact on organisms.Therefore,the study of TBBPA transformation products is a key issue in TBBPA risk assessment.However,compared with the TBBPA prototype,the research on its transformation products is quite limited at present.However,TBBPA will be released into the environment in the process of e-waste dismantling.Therefore,as a typical polluted site,e-waste dismantling park is a suitable place to carry out research on TBBPA and its transformation products.This study through the e-waste dismantling area and the surrounding environment of TBBPA in aquatic ecosystems and their existence,distribution and composition of the products of research,help us understand TBBPA in the medium of water environment and aquatic biological behavior,transformation,home,and in other environmental ecological system of transformation for its behavior to provide the reference.This study focuses on TBBPA and takes the Lianjiang River Basin in south China,which flows through a typical e-waste dismantling park,as the research object.TBBPA and its debrominated transformation products(tri BBPA,2,2'-di BBPA,2,6-dibbpa,mono BBPA)and phenolic hydroxymethylation transformation products(di Me O-tri BBPA,di Me O-2,2'-di BBPA,di Me O-2,6-di BBPA,di Me O-mono BBPA),BPA and BPs were studied and analyzed in water environment samples(sediment,fish,snails).By simultaneous extraction and prior to injection,trimethylsilylation of hydroxyl-containing polar compounds was performed,and qualitative and quantitative analysis of all target compounds was performed simultaneously by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.TBBPA and its transformation products were widely found in all samples.The concentrations of TBBPA,debrominated transformation products and methylated transformation products in the sediments were 19.8to 1.52×10~4,8.05 to 1.84×10~3 and 0.08 to 11.9 ng/g(dry weight,dry weight,DW),respectively.The concentrations of TBBPA,debrominated transformation products,and methylated transformation products in biological samples were 6.96 to 1.97×105,3.84 to 7.07×103,and3.42 to 472 ng/g(lipid weight,LW),respectively.As for the debromination products,tir BBPA was the highest debromination product in both sediment and biological samples,followed by mono BBPA and di BBPA,the two isomers with similar proportions.In addition,high concentrations of BPA were also detected in this study(sediment BPA and BPs were 19.8 to×10~4 and 0.84 to 524 ng/g dw,respectively,and biological BPA and BPs were 747 to 1.26×10~3 and 50.6 to 787 ng/g lw,respectively).The concentration of BPA was even higher than TBBPA at some points,and the highest concentration of BPs was 2,4,6-BP.For methylation products,di Me O-TBBPA was the most abundant(n.d.to 5.92 ng/g dw in sediments and 8.41 to 289 ng/g lw in organisms).By comparing the pollution levels of transformation products in sediments and living organisms,it was found that debromination products had high pollution levels in both sediments and living organisms,while methylation products mainly appeared in living organisms,and the content in sediments was very low,indicating that methylation products were more easily transformed and enriched in living organisms.At the same time,through the analysis of the fish body components(muscle,gill,viscera,intestine and their contents),it was found that the concentration of methylation products in viscera(liver and kidney)was higher than that in other tissues,which may indicate that the fish body has undergone methylation transformation in the main metabolic sites.Biota sediment/soil accumulation factors(BSAFs)of di Me O-TBBPA was also studied.The BSAF value of di Me O-TBBPA in fish and snails was significantly higher than that of TBBPA,indicating that the methylation products were easier for aquatic organisms to enrich di Me O-TBBPA from sediments.In addition,pollution levels of TBBPA and its transformation products were also different at different sampling sites.The concentration of TBBPA and its transformation products in both sediment and biological samples from the sampling sites near the e-waste dismantling park increased significantly.For example,the concentration of TBBPA in the sediments near the e-waste dismantling park was 572-1.52×104 ng/g(d W).However,the concentration far away from the e-waste disposal park was 8.34-1.27×103 ng/g(d W).This suggests that primitive e-waste dismantling activities are the main source of these pollutants in aquatic ecosystems.In general,TBBPA levels in the region in the middle or upper level,that influence on e-waste recycling activities on the environment,and products in the region have also found that the sediments debromination converted products higher pollution levels,product and methylation in organism pollution level is higher,more easily enriched in the organism.This study provides basic data and scientific analysis for the accumulation and biotransformation of TBBPA in aquatic ecosystems of typical contaminated sites.Future studies should consider the existence and health risks of the transformation products,and further studies are needed to prove the metabolic mechanism and accurate source analysis of the transformation products. |
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