Effects Of Special Bamboo Forest Environment On Soil Micro Ecosystem And Its Ecological Quality Evaluation

The soil condition of bamboo forest plays the most basic role in the growth of young bamboo.The structure and diversity of soil microbial community in the environment of live bamboo wine brewing have not been reported.The healthy growth of bamboo forest determines the secondary formation process of wine in bamboo cavity and the quality of wine.Therefore,it is of great significance to analyze and study the soil environment of bamboo forest for the production of live bamboo wine.This study is located in the bamboo wine brewing ecological park in Changning County,Sichuan Province.It studies the differences of soil micro ecological environment in the core area of bamboo forest(J1),non bamboo forest area(J2)and marginal area of bamboo forest(J3),compares the differences of soil micro ecological environment of special bamboo forest with other forest lands and bamboo forests,carries out the prediction and evaluation of soil microbial function by using tax4 fun and fuguid software,and evaluates the current situation of environmental quality at different sampling points,The main research results are as follows:1.Soil organic matter,total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the study area are at the first-class rich level,while the content of available phosphorus is at the lack level,which is manifested as J3 in the edge area of bamboo forest > J2 in the non bamboo forest area > J1 in the core area of bamboo forest.As the sample gradually approached the core area J1 from the edge area J3 of bamboo forest,the soil p H value and ammonium nitrogen content increased.The content of heavy metals in the soil of the study area did not exceed the standard.2.High throughput(16S r DNA)sequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial community structure and diversity of the soil in the above study area.Soil bacteria in the study area are mainly concentrated in Acidobacteria,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Chloroflexi,Gemmationadetes and Verrucomicrobia.Among them,Actinobacteria OTUs accounted for the highest proportion in the core area J1 of bamboo forest,and its dominant flora was Acidothermus;In non bamboo forest area J2,Acidobacteria accounted for the highest proportion,and the dominant flora was Bryobacter;J3 is located at the intersection of bamboo forest habitat and non bamboo forest habitat.The habitat is unstable.Proteus accounts for the highest proportion of soil bacteria.The dominant bacteria mainly include Sphingomonas,Bryobacter,Gemmatimonas,etc.the species in the community are complex,but its bacterial community structure is still similar to J1 in the core area of bamboo forest.With the sample from non bamboo forest area J2 gradually approaching bamboo forest core area J1,the diversity of bacterial community increased first and then decreased,which may be related to the single habitat of bamboo forest;The number and structure of individual bacterial flora have changed greatly.Compared with other bamboo forests,the special environment of live bamboo wine brewing makes the largest number of Actinomycetes rather than Proteobacteria in the soil of bamboo forests.3.The fungal community structure and diversity of the soil in the above study area were analyzed by its sequencing technology.Soil fungi in the study area are mainly concentrated in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota,accounting for 98.77% of the top 4 fungi.Basidiomycetes are mainly distributed in the core area J1 of bamboo forest,and ascomycetes are more abundant in non bamboo forest area J2.The dominant populations of the former mainly include Saitozyma podzolica,Burgoa anomala of Basidiomycetes and Fusarium oxysporum,Cyberlindnera Saturn and Gibberella acuminata of Ascomycetes.Their community structure is complex and their community diversity is high.They have a large gap with non bamboo forest area J2 and bamboo forest edge area J3,or are related to the unique habitat of live bamboo wine bamboo forest.As the sample gradually approaches the core area J1 of bamboo forest from non bamboo forest area J2,the abundance of individual fungal communities has changed significantly,the number of Basidiomycetes OTUs has increased,the number of Ascomycetes OTUs has gradually decreased,and the dominant population of Ascomycetes has also changed from Gliocladiopsis forsbergii to Fusarium oxysporum and Cyberlindner Saturn.4.In this study,the abundance of Acidothermus in the core area of bamboo forest J1 was the highest,reaching 39.26%;Saitozyma podzolica(33.02%)fungi accounted for the highest proportion of Basidiomycetes.Compared with other woodlands,the proportion of actinomycetes(28.1%)in J1 soil in the core area of bamboo forest is relatively high,while Proteus(17.7%)is low;The proportion of Ascomycetes(61.21%)is lower than that of natural growth moso bamboo forest(83.8%),while the proportion of basidiomycetes(37.56%)is higher than that of natural growth moso bamboo forest,that is,the special environment for brewing live bamboo wine has an important impact on soil microorganisms in bamboo forest,which has greatly changed the community structure of soil bacteria and fungi.5.In the study area,the soil acidic and oligotrophic environment has little impact on the growth of soil microbial community,soil bacteria are more limited by phosphorus,and the abundance of basidiomycetes in soil fungi is high or highly related to the brewing environment.Using tax4 fun and funguid software to predict and evaluate the function of microorganisms in the soil of the study area,it is found that the relative abundance of bacterial community function is close,but the soil bacteria in the core area of bamboo forest J1 significantly express the function of metabolism,the soil bacteria in the non bamboo forest area J2 significantly express the function of biological systems,and the function of soil bacteria in the edge area of bamboo forest J3 is close to that in the non bamboo forest area J2,which is significantly different from that in the core area of bamboo forest J1;The relative abundance of functional annotation of fungal community varies greatly.The functional abundance of fungal parasite,ectomycorrhizal,plant saprotroph and animal pathogen in different habitats of the study area is significantly different: the abundance of plant pathogens and animal pathogens in J1 soil in the core area of bamboo forest is very low,which is significantly different from J3 in the edge area of bamboo forest,Or it is related to the existence of a large amount of ethanol in the soil in the brewing environment of live bamboo wine,which can kill the pathogenic bacteria.In general,the functional expression of soil fungi in special bamboo forest is more diverse and complex than that of bacteria.6.Soil quality index(SQI)and modified Nemero index were used to evaluate the quality of soil ecological environment.The results show that J3 in the edge area of bamboo forest > J1 in the core area of bamboo forest > J2 in the non bamboo forest area may be closely related to the rich microbial community and diversity in the intersection area of different habitats,the single Bamboo vegetation environment and wine making environment.