Study On Intervention Mechanism Of Anthocyanins On Oxidative Stress And Development Of Beverage

Long-term intake of high-fat diet facilitatesgeneration of too much free radicals,leading to oxidative stress,further increasing the risk of obesity,diabetes and other diseases.It is increasingly concerned about that anthocyanins are antioxidant and anti-obesity.The intervention activities and their mechanism of anthocyanins on oxidative stress induced by high-fat diet were studied.Main ingredients of anthocyanins were analyzed and identified by HPLC-MS from blueberry(BA),red raspberry(RA),blackberry(BBA),black rice(BRA),black soybean(BSA)and purple corn(PCA).Obesity-preventing animal experiment with C57BL/6J mice was carried out to verify the activities of anti-oxidation,anti-inflammation and anti-abesity of anthocyanins,by measuring body weight,fat weight,biochemical profile in serum and liver and content of fecal short chain fatty acids.We also examined expression of hepatic inflammatory factors and metabolites to explore the intervention mechanism of anthocyanins on oxidative stress induced by high-fat diet.The results are as follows:Blueberry anthocyanins consist of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside,cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and peony-3-O-glucoside;red raspberry anthocyanins consist of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and peony-3-O-glucoside;blackberry anthocyanins consist of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and peony-3-O-glucoside;black rice anthocyanins consist of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and peony-3-O-glucoside;black soybean anthocyanin consist of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside;purple corn anthocyanins consist of cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and peony-3-O-glucoside.In animal experiment,compared with high fat diet group,all anthocyanins significantly reduced the body weight gain and fat mass of mice,as well as downregulated levles of serum triglycerice(TG),total cholesterol(TC)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC);hepatic TG was significantly reduced in blueberry anthocyanin group(BA),raspberry anthocyanin group(RA),blackberry anthocyanin group(BBA),black rice anthocyanin(BRA)and black soybean anthocyanin group(BSA);each anthocyanin significantly reduced hepatic TC and serum malonaldehyde(MDA);hepatic MDA was also decreased in RA,BBA,BRA,BSA and purple corn anthocyanin(PCA);total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)in serum was significantly increased in RA,BBA,BRA and PCA and hepatic T-SOD was also increased in RA,BBA and BSA;all anthocyanins can increase leves of glutathione peroxide(GSH-Px)in serum,meanwhile GSH-Px in liver was significantly increased in BBA,BRA and BSA;levels of leptin in mice serum RA,BBA and PCA were reduced;and all anthocyanins can increase fecal short-chain fatty acids content thus reducing intestinal inflammation.We also found that relative expression of genes of interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)was downregulataed in RA,BA,BRA and BSA;and relative expression of NF-κB in all anthocyanins groups were reduced;it can be speculated that anthocyanins may intervent oxidative stress via affecting glutathione metabolism since contents of some metoblites related to glycerophospholipid,insulin or glutathione metabolism were affected by anthocyanins.The formula of red raspberry juice beverage made of red raspeberry which is rich in anthocyanins is as follows:red raspberry juice 18.5%,xylitol 4.9%,sucralose 0.007%and citric acid 0.05%.