Study On Preparation And Properties Of Feather Keratin Composite Functional Materials

Feather is a kind of biological waste,which about 40 million tons feather by-products worldwide are being produced by the processing industry of poultry meat every year.The transportation,incineration and landfill of feather waste have numerous adverse impacts on the ecological environment,such as the contamination including air,water and soil,the dissemination of diseases and high consumption.Therefore,the Exploration of efficient methods regarding feather recycling and production of new materials are receiving sustained attentions.Feather keratin（FK）,with abundant sources and low cost,consists of an amino acid-based animal protein,which is of good biocompatibility and biodegradability because it is a natural polymer.Significantly,the increase of additional feather worth and the alleviation of resource shortage can be realized when keratin extracted from feather waste is employed to synthesize biosorbents or other biomaterials.In this paper,FK was used as raw material,Feather keratin cross-linking self-assembling aerogel（FKCa G）was prepared by Calcium ion solution as crosslinker;FK/PVA Interpenetrating network sponge aerogel（FKaq PHSG）was prepared by compounding with polyvinyl alcohol（PVA）with good biocompatibility;Sodium（SA）was effectively cross-linked with FK to prepare FK/SA composite gel beads（FK/SA-Ca/Et OH/EDC）.The optimal preparation conditions for various materials were investigated.The morphology and structure of various materials were analyzed and characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）and thermo gravimetric analysis（TG）.The adsorption performance of aerogel was tested by simulated dye wastewater.The physical requirements of sponge as a dressing for trauma were investigated.The drug loading performance and drug controlled release performance of the composite gel beads were tested.The paper mainly includes the following parts:Chapter 1,firstly,the source and historical research process of keratin were introduced.Secondly,the source,composition and structure of FK that is the main class in keratin were summarized.Thirdly,the main extraction methods of FK were summarized,which mainly includes mechanical method,chemical method and biological method.Finally,the application researches of FK were summarized according to the different application fields.In the research of agriculture,textile industry,sewage treatment and biomedicine,biomedical research is the most prominent and valuable.Therefore,FK used as a raw material to prepare practical biomedical materials has great exploration space and research value.Chapter 2,FKaq Ca G was prepared by FKaq cross-linking self-assembly in calcium ion solution.The morphology and structure of aerogels were characterized and analyzed by using FT-IR,SEM,XRD and TG.It was found that the FKCa G has a multi-layer network structure and a high specific surface area,which provides active sites for adsorption.The adsorption capacity of FKCa G for different simulated dye wastewater was tested;we found FKCa G has good dye removal performance and the removal rate of crystal violet could reach 95.3%.Chapter 3,FKaq PHSG was prepared through freeze-thaw method and freeze-drying method using FKaq,PVA and halloysite nanotubes（HNTs）as raw materials.The structure and analysis were carried out by virtue of FT-IR,SEM,XRD and TG.It was found that FKaq PHSG had obvious nano-network structure.The properties of FKaq PHSG regarding solubility,flexibility,absorption of water and salt solution,water retention and water vapor transmission were also investigated.The drug release properties of drug-loaded aerogel（FKaq PHSG-RB）were tested,and the results show that it meets the performance indexes necessary for traumatic dressings and can be used as traumatic dressing.Chapter 4,FK/SA-Ca/Et OH/EDC was prepared using FKaq and SA as raw materials,Ca Cl₂ and EDC/HCl as double crosslinks.Structural characterization and analysis of FK/SA-Ca/Et OH/EDC by virtue of FT-IR,SEM,and XRD showes that FK and SA were effectively cross-linked,and the structure were homogeneous nanopore with superior swelling properties.The investigation of cumulative release rates in different p H buffer solutions shows that it had good p H sensitivity and the cumulative drug release rate was 49.2%at p H=7.40.In summary,FKCa G,FKaq PHSG and FK/SA-Ca/Et OH/EDC were all prepared from waste natural polymer FK in this paper.FKCa G is expected to be used for enrichment of dyes in industrial dye wastewater;FKaq PHSG is aimed at promoting wound healing as a wound healing dressing;FK/SA-Ca/Et OH/EDC is designed for both drug delivery materials and agricultural fertilization materials.