| In this study,the polysaccharides,flavonoids,fatty acids,trace elements and heavy metals were separated and quantitatively studied.At the same time,the methods of animal acute toxicity and repeated administration toxicity were used to evaluate the safety of edible food,and to provide the basis for its development and utilization in the future.The main findings are as follows:1.Qualitative and quantitative studies on the main nutrients and trace elements of Helvella leucopus.The content of polysaccharide was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer.The optimized extraction method was as follows:60%ethanol was extracted by ultrasonic for 30 min,and the sample was 1g of Helvella leucopus powder.The content of polysaccharide was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method,and the content of polysaccharide was 8.52 g/10Og.The content of flavonoids was determined by UV spectrophotometer.The optimized extraction method was as follows:adding cellulase,heating and refluxing to extract about 1 g of the powder,adding 5%sodium nitrite and 10%aluminum nitrate solution to react and develop color.The absorbance of flavonoids was determined at 510 nm,and the flavonoids content was 0.753 g/100g.The protein content was 22.1%.The content of hydrolyzed amino acids was determined,and the total amino acid content was 14.92 g/100 g,which must include isoleucine,phenylalanine,valine,lysine,threonine,etc.Its total content was 4.72 g/100g,accounting for 31.6 g of all amino acids.The delicious amino acids include asparagus amino acid and glutamic acid,the total content of which is 3.73 g/100g,accounting for 25.0%of the total amino acids.Non-essential amino acids include tyrosine,serine,proline,glycine,alanine,histidine,arginine,which was 6.47 g/100g,accounting for 43.4%of the total amino acids.A gas chromatography method was established for the determination of fatty acids in saddle fissure and compared with that in Morchella chinensis.The content of fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography.After extraction by petroleum ether Soxhlet,the results showed that the content of saturated fatty acid(SFA)was 1.725%,the content of monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA)was 57.528%,the content of monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA)was 57.528%,and the content of monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA)was 57.528%.And it is the main fatty acid in Helvella leucopus.The content of unsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)was also higher,40.684%.In the case of MUFA,The content of PUFA was higher than that of Helvella leucopus.The contents of several minerals and heavy metals in Helvella leucopus were determined by ICP-MS method.The results showed that the content of Mg 2.8 × 103 mg/kg,Zn 102.2 mg/kg,Se 2.27 mg/kg,Sr 0.90 mg/kg,in Helvella leucopus.Cr 24.83 mg/kg,Cd 0.79 mg/kg,Pb 3.81 mg/kg,Hg 0.03 mg/kg,As 1.85 mg/kg;The uncertainty that may be brought into the testing process is analyzed and evaluated.The uncertainty of chromium content is 24.83 mg/kg,and the uncertainty is 2.92 mg/kg.The result is(24.83±2.92)mg/kg,(k=2);the uncertainty of cadmium content is 0.79 mg/kg,and the uncertainty is 0.46 mg/kg.The result is(0.79±0.46)mg/kg,(k=2);the uncertainty of lead content is 3.81 mg/kg,and the uncertainty is 0.42 mg/kg.the result is(3.81±0.42)mg/kg,(k-2);The uncertainty of selenium content is 2.27 mg/kg,extended uncertainty 0.24 mg/kg,the result is(2.27±10.24)mg/kg,(k=2);The uncertainty of Sr content is 0.90 mg/kg,extended uncertainty 0.10 mg/kg,the result is(0.90±0.10)mg/kg,(k=2);The uncertainty of arsenic content is 1.85 mg/kg,extended uncertainty 0.24 mg/kg,the result is(1.85±0.24)mg/kg,(k=2).According to toxicological test,the acute toxicity study of mice showed that no toxic reaction was observed when the mice were given by gavage of the grinding product of Helvella leucopus at a dose of 0.4 mL per mouse.The toxicity study showed that the mice given 0.2 mL,0.4 mL and 0.8 mL per mouse,respectively for 8 weeks exhibit no toxic reaction.2、Study on the Food Safety of Helvella leucopus.According to the acute toxicity test and long-term toxicity test,no toxic reaction was found in the mice group,and the food safety was guaranteed.Three methods were used to evaluate the concentration pollution of As,Pb,Cd and Hg in Helvella leucopus.It was found that the safety risks of As,Cd and Pb were acceptable.In this paper,the contents of some nutrients and metal elements in Helvella leucopus were analyzed,and it was proved that there were abundant nutrients in the bacteria.Metal contaminants basically accord with the national standard.By means of pollutant evaluation and toxicology analysis,it is concluded that the daily consumption of Helvella leucopus is safe and reliable. |
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