Chemical Constituents And Their Activity From Ganoderma.australe And The Determination Of Total Triterpenoids From Different Ganoderma Species

Ganoderma resources in Hainan are abundant,and its biological reserves are large.Ganoderma australe was one of the main wild resources of Ganoderma in Hainan.It was used as a substitute for Ganoderma in folk drinking.So far,there were few reports on the chemical composition and biological activity of the Ganoderma australe.In order to clarify the pharmacodynamic basis of Ganoderma australe and discover the biological active ingredients,the chemical composition and biological activity of the fruiting body of Ganoderma australe were studied in this paper.In order to solve the problem that the quality of Ganoderma differed greatly and was difficult to control,the contents of total ganoderma triterpenoids(TGT)in Ganoderma were analyzed,which provided a basis for the development of Ganoderma products and the formulation of quality standards of Ganoderma products.The main results were as follows.Chemical constituents were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma australe by various column chromatographic techniques and HPLC method.Twenty-six compounds were isolated from G.australe and were identified,including triterpenoids,steroids,alkaloids,meroterpenoid,phenols and other compounds.There were nine new compounds as:3?,15?-dihydroxy-7,11,12,23-tetraoxo-lanost-8,20-dien-26-oic acid,3?,15?-dihydroxy-7,11,12,23-tetraoxo-lanost-8,20-dien-26-oic acid methyl ester,3?,15?-20-trihydroxy-7,11,12,23-tetraoxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid,ganodercochlearin L,(22E,24R)-3?-acetoxyl-9?-dihydroxy-6?-ethoxyergosta-7,22-diene,piperidin-2'-yl 2-hydroxybenzoate,6-methoxyl-cyclo-(Phe-Ile),lingzhioxyethyl and australeone A.The biological activities results showed that compounds cinnamic acid,benzoic acid and 4-hydroxy benzoic acid exhibited?-glucosidase inhibitory activity,and 2,4,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde exhibited AChE inhibitory activity,and most of these compounds had antioxidant activity,especially ganocochlearine E,cinnamic acid,benzoic acid,2,4,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde and the IC50 were 16.81,16.80,17.00,and 5.03?g/mL,respectively.Total triterpenoids were measured using oleanolic acid as the standard,to compare the content of total ganoderma triterpenoids(TGT)in different Ganoderma fruiting bodies from Hainan.Meanwhile,their activity of ?-glucosidase inhibition,AChE inhibition,anti-oxidation and antitumor was evaluated.The results showed that the content of total triterpenoids from 17 Ganoderma species in Hainan were among 0.274-0.975%,and G.luteomarginatum had the highest triterpenes content,while G.pseudoferreum had the lowest.The ?-glucosidase inhibitory rates of ethanol extracts from G.calidophilu,G.australe,G.theaecolum,G.ahmadii and G.valesiacum were all over 65.0%.The AChE inhibitory rates of ethanol extracts from G.ahmadii was 16.11%.The DPPH scavenging rates of ethanol extracts from G.calidophilum,G.bromnii,G.daqingshanense,G.valesiacum,and G.tropicum were all over 75.0%.More than half of the ethanol extracts from Ganoderma,such as G.ochrolaccatum,G.pseudoferreum,G.diaoluoshanense and cultivated Ganoderma.lucidum had certain antitumor activity.The above results indicated that the content of total triterpenoids and the biological activities from 17 Ganoderma species in Hainan were different,and there is no significant relationship between the activity of ?-glucosidase inhibitory,anti-oxidative,antitumor and the total triterpenoids content.