| In recent years,multi-functional device-level integrated systems have received extensive attention and are developing vigorously.This integrated design embodies a higher degree of integration.Integration,diversification and intelligence,which is conducive to solving the current development dilemma of single function and isolated system.One of the most representative designs of this type of integrated device is the conversion and utilization of multiple energy sources,which converts low-grade energy into high-utilization energy efficiently,and provides different conversion paths within a system to provide sufficient energy for people’s lives.Energy integrated devices have already become the focus of researchers’attention.Thanks to excellent energy conversion efficiency,electrical conductivity,and high-sensitivity sensing performance,wearable sensing technology,flexible electronics,nano-generators and solar energy conversion technology have always been favored.In case,the integration of many of the above functions into one integrated system is expected to obtain the integration of multiple energy conversion functions,which can efficiently supply the energy needed for people’s lives.For example,an integrated system can simultaneously solve the functions of fresh water production,micro-volt household electricity,health monitoring,and personal health management.The research content of this paper is a multi-functional energy conversion integrated system,which is compatible with the three major functions of solar light-steam conversion,hydrovoltaic nano-generator,and wearable health monitoring.Solar energy has attracted much attention because of its richest energy storage,clean and environmentally friendly features,especially"Interfacial solar-to-steam conversion（ISSC）"has become the most representative solar thermal utilization among all the conversion techniques in recent yeas.ISSC technology can convert solar energy into heat energy,then electric energy,etc.,realizing the efficient conversion and utilization of low-grade energy to high-grade energy,and is mainly used in the fields of seawater desalination,sanitation and sterilization,and sewage treatment.At the same time,the health consciousness of modern humans has progressed from going to the hospital to see a doctor after being sick to active physical examination,but this is far from satisfying people’s protection and struggle for health.In order to strive for early detection and early treatment,the future medical development trend is bound to become active prevention,the most critical realization method needs to be ensured through active monitoring of health conditions.Therefore,wearable health monitoring sensors came into being,which is particularly important for the realization of future personal intelligent medical care.In addition,power supply is also the research focus of researchers in portable and flexible electronic equipment.Nano-generators provide an important power supply way for the design and construction of self-powered monitoring systems.For example,hydrovoltaic power generation can be self-powered through generation of gradient water flow induced in functionalized nanochannels.To achieve an efficient energy integration system,the materials used must follow the first principle of protecting the earth.Green,low-carbon,environmentally friendly and sustainable materials have become the main research objects of people.Biomass has become a research hotspot in recent years because of its original microscopic pore structure,easy availability,excellent electrical conductivity and low cost properties.From the perspective of environmental protection and economy and practicality,this paper selects biomass wastes such as pomelo peels,peanut shells and corn stalks for activation and carbonization to obtain biomass carbon materials,which are used as the core of the ISSC absorber for photothermal evaporation.Biomass shows very excellent light-to-steam conversion efficiency.Similarly,porous biomass carbon materials with excellent electrical conductivity are also used for hydroelectric power generation and the preparation of wearable sensors.In summary,this article prepared different photothermal materials and systematically studied their performance in solar photothermal conversion,seawater desalination,thermoelectric power generation,hydroelectric power generation and wearable health monitoring and sensing.The main research contents are as follows:1.The three biomass materials of pomelo peel,peanut shells and corn stalks are activated in different ways and carbonized to obtain biomass with a three-dimensional（3D）porous structure and explore their solar photothermal properties.And the influence of thermal management and water transportation on the performance of light-to-heat conversion is explore by comparing the micro-nano structure,changing the load mass,evaporating device and other variables.KOH activated pomelo peel（KAP）carbon material can obtain water evaporation rate as high as 1.92 kg m-2 h-1.It is further applied to seawater desalination and thermoelectric power generation,and nearly 100%of ions removal rate and output voltage signal up to 197m V are obtained respectively.2.KAP shows excellent application potential in hydroelectric power generation due to its three-dimensional porous micro-nano structure.By changing factors such as water source and metal ion concentration in the water,an output voltage signal of up to 370 m V is obtained.3.A wearable sensor（KAP PAAH）composed of KAP composite polyacrylamide/polyacrylic acid hydrogel（PAAH）is prepared in this paper based on the design concept of self-powered wearable devices.Hydroelectric power generation KAP nano generator provides electric drive for the strain-voltage response and real-time sensor monitoring to form a self-powered integrated wearable human joint health monitoring sensor.At the same time,the residual value of biomass waste is maximized,reflecting the possibility of future practical applications and higher economic value. |
PDF Full Text Request