| The diversity of wild edible fungi was studied through literature survey,market survey and field collection ffrom Guizhou market in the present paper,the species and distribution of wild edible fungi were determined in Guizhou market.A total of 12 specime from the market in Guizhou were collected,which were Boletus bainiugan,Russula rosacea,Xerocomus chrysenteron,Tricholoma sejunctum,Cantharellus cibarius,Suillus flavus,Tricholoma terreum,Armillariella tabescens,Termitomyces Albuminosus,Lactarius volemus,Lactarius deliciosus and Lentinula edodes.The contents of amino acids and heavy metals(Pb,Cd,Hg,As)were determined,and their nutritional value was evaluated by amino acid ratio coefficient method.Meanwhile,the safety of edible fungi was evaluated by single factor pollution index,comprehensive pollution index and target hazard coefficient,in order to provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of edible fungi in Guizhou.The main results are as follows.(1)Based on the investigation and collection of wild edible fungi in Guizhou market and the related literature,481 species of wild edible fungi were identified by the methods of morphology and molecular biology,which belong to 46 species of 25 genera,15 families,5 orders,3classes of Ascomycetes and 435 species of 158 genera,56 families,15 orders,4 classes of Basidiomycota.The edible fungi diversity list was compiled according to the tenth edition of dictionary of the function(2008)and index fungus database.(2)The results of dominant genera showed that there were 7dominant genera,which the most species was Russula,followed by Lactarius,Ganoderma,Boletus,Agaricus,Suillus and Amanita.The distribution of main wild edible fungi communities in Guizhou Province was investigated,and the distribution characteristics of six vegetation types in Guizhou Province,including subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest,secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest,deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest,coniferous forest,subtropical mountain broad-leaved forest and secondary coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest,were statistically analyzed.(3)The amino acid composition and content of 12 kinds of wild edible fungi in Guizhou market were determined.The results showed that the content of Glu was the highest in all wild edible fungi,the total amino acid content and essential amino acid content of Termitomyces Albuminosus were the highest.The ideal protein requirements were Termitomyces Albuminosus,Xerocomus chrysenteron and Suillus flavus.At the same time,the contents of delicious amino acids and sweet amino acids of Termitomyces Albuminosus were the highest.The SRC of Termitomyces Albuminosus was high which indicated that the nutritional value of it was the highest.(4)The heavy metals(Pb,Cd,Hg,As)was determined,results showed that the content ranges of wild edible fungi were as follows:0.46mg/kg～2.30mg/kg,0.06mg/kg～1.60 mg/kg,0.02mg/kg～0.33mg/kg,0.05mg/kg～1.24mg/kg.The average concentrations of heavy metals were ranked as follow: Pb > Cd > As > Hg in edible mushrooms.(5)The results of comprehensive pollution index showed that the higher comprehensive pollution index of wild edible fungi were Armillariella tabescens and Lactarius volemus,which reached the moderate pollution levels,while the comprehensive pollution index of Xerocomus chrysenteron and Termitomyces Albuminosus were less than0.7,which were safe.The results of health risk assessment showed that the THQ and TTHQ of Xerocomus chrysenteron and Termitomyces Albuminosus for children and adults were less than 1,there was no obvious health risk for children and adults.To sum up,there are abundant wild edible fungi resources in Guizhou market,which have great development and utilization value.Among them,Xerocomus chrysenteron and Termitomyces Albuminosus have high nutritional value,and there is no food health and safety problem,so they are suitable for development and utilization.. |
PDF Full Text Request