| Edible or medicinal mushrooms are widely used in food,health products and medicine because of their rich nutrients and various biological activities,but the research and related products of edible or medicinal mushroom oils are rare.Because edible or medicinal mushrooms with medicinal value may contain other bioactive chemical components in addition to fatty acid components of common edible mushrooms,the study of edible mushroom’s oils with medicinal value will be more beneficial to the development of edible mushroom’s oil with specific efficacy.Thus,six wild edible or medicinal mushrooms（Phellinus pini（Fr.）Quél.,Daldinia concentrica（Bolt.:Fr.）Ces.&dr Not,Calvatia candida（Schw.）Fr.,Panus torulosus（Pers.）Fr.,Hexagonia apiaria（Pers.）Fr.,and Earliella scabrosa（Pers.）Gilb.&Ryvarden）were selected as the research objects.The mushroom oils were extracted from the fruiting body by diethyl ether and purified by silica gel column chromatography.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）was used to analyze the characteristic chemical composition of the mushroom oils.The antioxidant activity of mushroom oils were evaluated by free radical scavenging DPPH in vitro.So as to reveal the relationship between antioxidant activity and its chemical components.In addition,the chemical constituents of Calvatia candida（Schw.）Fr.and Panus torulosus（Pers.）Fr.after extracting the mushroom oil were also revealed.The aim is to lay a foundation for the development of new products of edible or medicinal mushroom oils with antioxidant effect.Firstly,six edible or medicinal mushroom fruiting bodies were extracted respectively by diethyl ether continuous reflux percolation.The crude fat was further purified by silica gel short column and eluted with n-hexane-ethyl acetate（90:10,v/v）mixed solvent to obtain the purified mushroom oils.The results showed that the oil rate was from high to low,as follows:Daldinia concentrica（Bolt.:Fr.）Ces.&dr Not.（0.97%）,Earliella scabrosa（Pers.）Gilb.&Ryvarden（0.70%）,Panus torulosus（Pers.）Fr.（0.32%）,Calvatia candida（Schw.）Fr.,Panus torulosus（Pers.）Fr.（0.28%）,Hexagonia apiaria（Pers.）Fr.（0.26%）and Phellinus pini（Fr.）Quél（0.11%）.The results showed that the oil’s content was low in the six edible or medicinal fruiting bodies,and the organic solvent extraction method was beneficial to the production of mushroom oil from the fruiting bodies.The crude fat contains less mushroom oil,indicating that it also contains other chemical components.Secondly,GC-MS was used to analyze the chemical composition of the edible or medicinal mushroom oil.A total of 49 compounds were identified from Phellinus pini（Fr.）Quél.oil,the relative content of which was 88.414%of the total mushroom oil.In the main chemical components the relative content of three unsaturated fatty acids and their esters is 30.579%,and the relative content of six saturated fatty acids and their esters is 49.714%;34 kinds of chemical constituents were identified from the Daldinia concentrica（Bolt.:Fr.）Ces.&dr Not oil,and the relative content accounted for 76.51%of the total mushroom oil.Among the main chemical components,three kinds of unsaturated fatty acids and their esters have a relative content of 28.287%,and four kinds of unsaturated fatty acids and their esters have a relative content of 41.099%;49 compounds were identified in Calvatia candida（Schw.）Fr.oil,the relative content of which was 73.562%of the total mushroom oil.The main chemical components are 4 kinds of unsaturated fatty acids and their esters and 2 kinds of saturated fatty acids and their esters,their relative contents are 51.06%and 12.5%,respectively;59 kinds of chemical components were identified from Panus torulosus（Pers.）Fr.oil,accounting for 86.626%of the total mushroom oil.Its main chemical components are 2 kinds of unsaturated fatty acids and their esters,the relative content is 48.765%,2 kinds of saturated fatty acids and their esters,the relative content is 24.986%;A total of 44 compounds were identified in Hexagonia apiaria（Pers.）Fr.oil,with a relative content of 45.067%of the total mushroom oil content.In the main chemical components,there are 6 kinds of unsaturated fatty acids and their esters the relative content is 20.549%,and only one kind of saturated fatty acids and their esters,the relative content is 1.531%;A total of 65 compounds were identified in Earliella scabrosa（Pers.）Gilb.&Ryvarden oil,accounting for 88.07%of the total mushroom oil.Its main compounds are 4unsaturated fatty acids and their esters and 4 saturated fatty acids and their esters,and their relative contents are 42.762%and 22.585%,respectively.The results showed that the advanced fatty acids and its esters were the main components,but the species and contents were different in different mushroom’s oil,and it also contains other characteristic chemicals.Thirdly,the antioxidant activity of mushroom oil was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging experiment.The results showed that the six mushroom oils had good antioxidant activity in the range of experimental concentration,and the antioxidant activity showed concentration dependence.Their half scavenging concentrations against DPPH free radicals(EC50)ranged from large to small,namely,Earliella scabrosa（Pers.）Gilb.&Ryvarden oil（89.77±3.77 mg/mL）,Calvatia candida（Schw.）Fr.oil（26.14±0.64 mg/mL）,Phellinus pini（Fr.）Quél.oil（20.88±0.08 mg/mL）,Daldinia concentrica（Bolt.:Fr.）Ces.&dr Not oil（9.94±0.23mg/mL）,Panus torulosus（Pers.）Fr.oil（5.71±0.52 mg/mL）and Hexagonia apiaria（Pers.）Fr.oil（4.35±0.12 mg/mL）.The antioxidant activity and chemical composition analysis of the six mushroom oils showed that the oils’antioxidant activity was related to its characteristic chemical composition.The synergism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their esters and other oil-soluble components with strong antioxidant activity is the main reason for the antioxidant activity of mushroom oil.Among them,the contents of fatty acids and its esters in the oil of Hexagonia apiaria（Pers.）Fr.were the least,only 27.039%,but because of the high content of other chemical components,such as squalene,its antioxidant activity was the strongest,which is worthy of further research and development.Finally,after elution of mushroom oil with n-hexane-ethyl acetate（90:10,v/v）,the crude fats of Calvatia candida（Schw.）Fr.and Panus torulosus（Pers.）Fr.continued to be eluted with ethyl acetate,respectively.And the ethyl acetate-eluting components were again separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography.Three monomer compounds were separated by gradient elution of n-hexane-ethyl acetate.The three monomer compounds were identified by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.The results showed that two compounds（MB1 and MB2）from Calvatia candida（Schw.）Fr.,were identified as acetylperoxide ergosterol and ergosterol peroxide,respectively,and one compound（ZG）from Panus torulosus（Pers.）Fr.was identified as ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol. |
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