Analysis Of Main Active Components And Preparation Of Microcapsule Products For Elaeagnus Mollis Diels.kernel Oil

Elaeagnus mollis Diels.is an endemic tree species in China and was listed as the second-class rare and endangered plant.The oil content of E.mollis kernel oil can reach up to 50%,and the oil contains various nutrients and active components.However,at present,there is a lack of analysis on the difference of different varieties and producing areas of E.mollis kernel oil,and it is mainly used as a senior edible oil or a small amount of added oil in health care products and cosmetics,and lacks the development of deep processing products.In addition,as a kind of oil rich in a variety of nutrients,E.mollis kernel oil was prone to oxidation and rancidity due to environmental influence during processing and storage,which greatly reduces its nutritional value.Therefore,in this paper,the basic physical and chemical indexes and main active components of E.mollis kernel oil of different varieties and distribution regions were comprehensively analyzed.In this work,the effects of different extraction methods on kernel oil quality were evaluated and a better extraction process was obtained.In addition,different microencapsulation techniques were used to prepare nutritive and stable microcapsules of E.mollis kernel oil,and the quality changes of the microcapsules during storage were evaluated.The results can provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of E.mollis kernel oil,and it has a certain significance to enhance the value of the E.mollis industry and stimulate the regional economy.The main research contents and results are as follows:1.Analysis of different origins and varieties of E.mollis kernel oil.The oil content,basic physical and chemical parameters and the main active components of fatty acids,sterols,squalene,and tocopherols in E.mollis kernel oil from three varieties of Long-fruit type,Big palace lantern and Small palace lantern in Shanxi and Hebei areas were ccomparatively analyzed to select the high quality raw materials of kernel oil.The results showed that(1)the E.mollis kernel oil of long fruit type in Hebei Province was the highest,which was 53.35%,and the basic physicochemical qualities of different kernel oils were good.(2)The E.mollis kernel oil from different producing areas and varieties contained 17 kinds of fatty acids,including linoleic acid,oleic acid and α-linolenic acid,the content of unsaturated fatty acids was over 89.72%,and the ratio of n-6 / n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 6.81-8.28,which was close to the recommended value.(3)There were six phytosterols in E.mollis kernel oil from different area and varieties,and the total phytosterols content was up to 253.2 mg/100 g.(4)E.mollis kernel oil was also rich in squalene,up to 146.08 mg/100 g,which can be used as a good source of plant-derived squalene.(5)There are three types of tocopherol in seed kernel oil: δ-,γ-andα-tocopherol,and the total tocopherol content can reach 119.48 mg/100 g.These data indicate that E.mollis kernel not only has a high oil content,but also contains a variety of active components,which has high nutritional and utilization value.It also provided important reference and guidance for the selection and breeding of excellent edible and energy varieties of E.mollis in different regions.2.Effects of different extraction processes on E.mollis kernel oil.Ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction,supercritical CO2 extraction and aqueous enzymatic extraction were used to extract the oil from E.mollis kernel.The effects of different extraction techniques on the physicochemical parameters and active components of the oil were compared and analyzed.The results showed that(1)the oil yield of ultrasound-assisted solvent method was significantly higher than that of the other two methods(p <0.05),reached 46.50%,and the extraction rate reached 98.36%.The oils prepared by different methods had good physical and chemical quality.(2)The ratio of saturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction method was closer to the recommended value of 1:1:1,and the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was also closer to the recommended range.(3)The total sterol content and squalene content in E.mollis kernel oil prepared by aqueous enzyme were the highest,which were 183.84 mg/100 g and 111.49 mg/100 g,respectively.(4)The total tocopherol content of oil obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction was the highest,which was86.8mg /100 g.In conclusion,supercritical CO2 extraction is a more economical and green method with less influence on active substances in oil.Therefore,supercritical CO2 extraction is a more suitable method for oil extraction from E.mollis kernel.3.Preparation and characterization of physicochemical properties of microcapsules of E.mollis kernel oil.Spray drying technology and co-extrusion technology were used to prepare E.mollis kernel oil microcapsules,and the quality of oil microcapsules was analyzed.The results showed that :(1)the encapsulation rates of oil microcapsules prepared by spray drying and co-extrusion techniques reached85.38% and 73.93%,respectively.(2)The particle size distribution of microcapsules prepared by co-extrusion was larger than that by spray drying,but both of them were in line with the particle size distribution range of microcapsules.(3)The two kinds of oil microcapsules have strong heat resistance,and the microcapsules also enhance the thermal stability of the oil to some extent.(4)The results of infrared spectrum analysis showed that the encapsulation structure of seed E.mollis kernel oil microcapsule was formed initially.(5)Under the observation of the microstructure,it was found that the two kinds of microcapsules were relatively regular spherical with smooth surface.Especially,the microcapsules prepared by co-extrusion technology were translucent,and it could be observed that kernel oil was evenly wrapped in them by the wall material.(6)The two microencapsulation techniques had no significant effects on the types and contents of fatty acids and the contents of various active components in the E.mollis kernel oil(p > 0.05).4.Effect of accelerated storage on microcapsules of E.mollis kernel oil.The quality changes of oil microcapsules prepared by spray drying were evaluated under accelerated storage condition.The results showed that with the increase of storage time,the peroxidation value of kernel oil increased relatively slowly after microencapsulation,showing a low oxidation level,and the core material retention rate of the microcapsules could reach 72.45% at the end of the storage period.In terms of various active components,compared with unencapsulated kernel oil,the microencapsulated oil effectively protected the fatty acids,sterols,squalene,and tocopherol in the oil,resulting in the loss rate of these active substances significantly lower than that of seed kernel oil.These data all proved that the E.mollis kernel oil microcapsule prepared in this study had a good effect on the effective preservation of various active substances in oils,delaying the oxidation process of active components and reducing their loss,so that the E.mollis kernel oil could fully play its biological activity in many fields.