Preparation Of Ceramic-based Particle Electrode And Its Application In Treatment Of Refractory Organic Wastewater

Phenol wastewater was the hazardous industrial wastewater,because the high biotoxicity and strong biodegradability,which could harm aquatic organisms and pollute drinking water.The production of phenol wastewater had increased with the continuous development of chemical industry.How to effectively treat phenol wastewater had become an important topic in the research of wastewater treatment technology.Electrochemical oxidation technology had the advantages of wide applicability,good environmental compatibility,and ability to handle refractory organics.However,the conventional two-dimensional electrode had low current efficiency,especially in the case of low conductivity,and it was difficult to promote the application in actual wastewater treatment,and the three-dimensional electrode method increases the surface ratio of the reactor by shortening the particle electrode.The mass transfer distance effectively improved the current efficiency and the throughput per unit volume.Three-dimensional electrode method had broad application prospectsSteel plate,graphite and titanium crucible were used as anodes and steel plates were used as cathodes to investigate the effect of different anode materials on the electrochemical degradation of phenol.The results demonstrate that the removal ability of phenol with the three anode materials was:steel plate electrode,graphite electrode and Ti/Ru O₂electrode.Optimum removal rates of phenol were 89.51%,88.39%and 75.00%,and the COD_Crwere 79.56%,64.05%and 52.59%,respectively.The graphite electrode was selected as the anode of the three-dimensional electrode.The Ceramic/Cu-Sn O₂-Sb₂O₅particle electrode was prepared by electroless plating and"dipping-high temperature baking".Characterization of particle electrodes by XRD,SEM,cyclic voltammetry and open circuit potential method.The effects of calcination temperature and Sb doping amount on the surface morphology,structure,stability and catalytic performance of the particle electrode were investigated.The optimum preparation conditions for the Ceramic/Cu-Sn O₂-Sb₂O₅particle electrode were:calcination temperature was 450°C,and Sb doping amount was 15%.The removal rate of this particle electrode to 100 mg/L of phenol was86.44%.The influencing factors of three-dimensional electrode treatment of phenol wastewater were studied.The applied voltage was found to be 4 V.The best sodium sulfate electrolyte concentration was 0.05 mol/L.The optimum initial concentration of phenol was 100 mg/L,and the parallelization of the particle electrodes with the electrode plate was the best filling method.The phenol and COD_Crremoval rate after the electrolysis for 150 min were90.32%and 81.28%,and the phenol removal rate of the two-dimensional electrode without the particle electrode under the same conditions was62.48%.The products of electrochemical oxidation of phenol with separate electrode systems were investigated by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy,cyclic voltammetry and gas chromatography.It was found that there were different kinds and abundance of degradation products in the phenol wastewater treated by three kinds of anode materials.The degradation pathway of phenol in different anode materials was different.Comparing the graphite-steel plate electrode system with and without the addition of particle electrodes,it was found that the amount of production of the intermediate product was lowered when the particle electrode was added.This indicated that phenol could be better degraded by particle electrodes.