Research On Optimistic Bias And Unsafe Behavior In Human-vehicle Interaction

The traffic safety situation in China has improved in recent years,but pedestrian violations have been repeatedly banned,so traffic accidents caused by it still happen from time to time.In order to effectively improve the unsafe behavior prediction and prevention and control methods,this paper combines environmental investigation,perception measurement and behavior observation experiments to study the relationship between environmental information variables and pedestrian unsafe behavior from the perspective of optimistic deviation.According to the analysis and research of the literature review method,define the risk and hypothesize that the reduced exposure level of the risk will lead to unsafe behavior,and design three groups of human-vehicle interaction behavior control experimental programs(Experiment A,Experiment B,Experiment C)to verify hypothesis.Before empirical testing of the hypothesis,the traffic flow and speed of the three control groups,that is,the six experimental scenes,were manually measured,and then the street interception method was used to investigate the risk perception level of pedestrians in different scenes to determine the different experimental scenes.Environmental variables and their exposure levels.After determining the control scenes,design observation experiments on violations and human-vehicle conflicts in different scenes.The experimental results show that after the risk exposure level decreases,the pedestrian violation rates of experiments A,B,and C increase by 11.0%,50.0%,and 43.7%,respectively,thus verifies the hypothesis that the reduction of risk exposure level will lead to unsafe behavior.In order to test whether the acceptable level of risk of pedestrians in violation of regulations is really acceptable,the experiment also counts the conflict between people and vehicles.After the level of risk exposure decreased,the collision rate of people A and B in Experiments A and B increased by 31.1% and-29.3%,respectively.The risk level of violations will be evident by the increased incidence of conflicts(Experiment A)or the severity of consequences(Experiment B)Increase,so that the risk exposure level is inversely related to the hidden risk level.Based on the research on the violation rate and the collision rate between people and vehicles,the three groups of controlled experiments conducted an extended study on the behavior deviation under different exposure levels of risk.Experiment A found that risks with higher exposure levels are more likely to cause unsafe behavior in the mode of decreasing risk exposure levels;Experiment B shows that widening the visual field and reducing visual obstacles can effectively reduce the collision between people and vehicles;Experiment C shows that increasing the difficulty of violations can clarify the individual’s understanding of the rules and reduce violations.Based on the above empirical research and related theoretical analysis,this paper constructs the "human-environment-risk" trinity evolution model.The model analyzes the evolutionary process of optimistic deviations in exposed risks by using the individual’s perception and reasoning process,and based on this,it studies the hidden risks when the individual and the organizational risk acceptability level are not compatible.Our research shows that the optimistic bias that triggers unsafe behavior is related to the level of risk exposure,and the study of optimistic bias contributes to the study of unsafe behavior prediction and control.