Typical Environmental Impact And Evaluation Of Coal Mining In Fukang Mining Area

The change characteristics of vegetation coverage from 2007 to 2017 were inversed by remote sensing,and the influence of local coal production and rainfall data on surface vegetation coverage were analyzed in Fukang mining area in Xinjiang in this paper.According to the inversion results,the grey GM(1,1)prediction model was used to predict and analyze the trend.The results show that the coverage area of low-grade vegetation in the west and middle of the mining area increases and the coverage area of high-grade vegetation decreases,while the eastern part of the mining area shows the opposite trend.Under the influence of coal mining intensity and annual rainfall,the vegetation coverage area of grade 2 and grade 3 fluctuates greatly,while the change of vegetation coverage area of grade 1 and grade 4 is not obvious.The results of grey prediction model show that from 2019 to 2027,the area of grade 2vegetation coverage is increasing year by year,and the area of grade 1,grade 3 and grade 4 vegetation coverage is decreasing year by year,and the area of grade 2 and grade 3 vegetation coverage accounts for more than 95% of the total vegetation coverage in each year.The contents of 8 heavy metals Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn,As,Pb,Cd and Cr in the soil of Jinta Coal Mine Industrial Square and Dahuangshan Coal Mine in the east of Fukang mining area were studied and analyzed.According to the experimental results,the horizontal distribution characteristics of various metals in the two coal mines were analyzed by spatial interpolation,and the influence of local dominant wind direction on the distribution of various metals was analyzed.The results show that there is a great difference in the horizontal distribution of heavy metals between the two mining areas.The distribution of heavy metals in Jinta Coal Mine is greatly affected by the northwest wind and southwest wind,while the soil heavy metal distribution in Dahuangshan Coal Mine is less affected by the dominant wind direction.The accumulation of heavy metal elements Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn and Cd in the surface layer of Jinta Coal Mine is obvious.According to the evaluation method of Neimero pollution index,the order of heavy metal pollution in soil surface layer of Jinta Coal Mine is Cd > Mn > As > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cr,Dahuangshan Coal Mine soil surface heavy metal pollution is Mn > Cd > As > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cr;By using the method of geological accumulation index,it is found that the pollution of heavy metals on the soil surface of Jinta Coal Mine is Mn moderate pollution,Cd non-pollution ～ moderate pollution,Cu,Zn,As,Pb and Cr pollution-free.The soil surface heavy metal pollution of Dahuangshan Coal Mine is Mn belongs to moderate pollution,Cd belongs to non-pollution ～ moderate pollution,Cu,Zn,As,Pb and Cr belong to no pollution.The evaluation results of soil heavy metal pollution in the two mining areas are consistent.Soil physical and chemical properties are analyzed,including pH value,organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,in two coal mines.The plane distribution characteristics of the contents of each index were studied and analyzed,and the soil degradation characteristics of the study area were evaluated according to the experimental results.the results showed that the distribution of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus in the surface soil of Jinta coal mine industrial square was consistent,showing the characteristics of high middle content and low content around.The distribution of available potassium is similar to that of pH value,which is high in the northeast and low in the southwest,while the content of organic matter is high in the center of the south and low in the surroundings.The distribution of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium in the topsoil of gangue hill in Dahuangshan coal mine is consistent with that of available potassium,which is high in the south and low in the north;the content of available phosphorus is high in the west and low in the east;the content of organic matter is high in the east and low in the west.The distribution of pH is uneven.The soil of Jinta coal mine industrial square is moderately-severely degraded,among which,soil pH value is divided into moderate degradation,soil organic matter is divided into no degradation,soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is divided into no degradation,soil available phosphorus is divided into severe degradation,and soil available potassium is divided into severe degradation.The soil of Dahuangshan coal mine industrial square is moderately degraded as a whole,in which soil pH value is divided into moderate degradation,soil organic matter and soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen are divided into no degradation,soil available phosphorus is divided into severe degradation,and soil available potassium is classified as mild degradation.