| The ecological environment in China’s karst region is extremely sensitive,and human activities have exerted tremendous pressure on the natural ecosystem,which has caused many ecological problems such as rocky desertification and soil erosion in this region.At the same time,in the game between economic development and ecological protection in the karst region,humans ’unreasonable use of natural resources has also made these ecological problems increasingly serious,forming a vicious cycle of " ecological environment deteriorated-worse resource conditions-over exploitation".This study takes Wenshan City in the karst area of Southeast Yunnan as a research area,analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of Wenshan City’s ecosystem services based on land use changes,reveals the trade-offs / coordination relationships between various types of ecosystem services and their spatial and temporal evolution rules,and identifies regional dominant services Types and zoning are conducive to promoting the coordinated development of resources and environment in Wenshan City,and also provide a reference for related research in karst areas.The research contents include:(1)Identify the key ecosystem service types of Wenshan City,based on ArcGIS 10.2,R 3.6.1,Matlab2016 software platform,Evaluating six ecosystem services of food supply,water production,net primary productivity(NPP),soil conservation,habitat quality,and cultural tourism in Wenshan City from 2000 to 2017,revealing their spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics;(2)Analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of land use in the study area from 2000 to 2017,and use mathematical statistical methods to reveal the differences in ecosystem services under different land use types;(3)Discuss the trade-offs / synergies between ecosystem services in Wenshan City from the perspectives of numerical and space.Based on spatial autocorrelation analysis,reveal spatial distribution characteristics of cold and hot spots in ecosystem services in the study area,and extracts multiple hotspots of ecosystem services through overlay analysis;(4)Use clustering method to divide the ecosystem service function of Wenshan City,and put forward different ecological management suggestions for each zone.The preliminary conclusions are as follows:(1)From the perspective of time,in addition to the continuous degradation of habitat quality,the annual average value of other ecosystem services continues to increase during 2010 to 2017;from a spatial perspective,the spatial distribution pattern of the six ecosystem services has significant regional differences.(2)From 2000 to 2017,the land use change in Wenshan was mainly characterized by an increase in the area of farmland,water and urban,while the area of grassland,forest and unused land decreased.Forest and farmland are the main land use types in Wenshan.The land use transformation mainly occurs when farmland converted to urban,grassland converted to farmland,and the conversion between forest and farmland.The substantial increase in urban indicates that human activities in the region are constantly strengthened and the pressure on ecological protection is increasing.(3)The ecosystem services of forest,farmland,and grassland in Wenshan City are relatively high.Food supply services exist only in farmland.All land types have outstanding types of ecosystem services,none of the six ecosystem services have relatively high performance.Low land category.(4)The nature of the correlation between ecosystem services in Wenshan City has not changed during 2000-2017,but the strength of the correlation has fluctuated.Both the supply service(food supply,water production)and the support service(soil conservation,habitat quality)are internally synergistic,while the supply service and the adjustment service(NPP),support service,cultural service(cultural tourism)all show a trade-off relationship.Adjustment service and support services are synergistic.(5)The spatial distribution patterns of trade-off areas and cooperative areas are different between different ecosystem services,but there are similarities.The proportion of cold and hot spots distributed among ecosystem services is not much different,but the proportion of cold and hot spots in ecosystem services varies greatly among different categories,and there are fewer regions that can provide multiple types of hotspot ecosystem services.(6)Wenshan City has four optimal areas for ecosystem management.Through cluster analysis,Wenshan City is divided into four types of ecosystem service functional areas,which are respectively ecological protection area,ecological transition area,main agricultural production area,and human settlements recreation area.Proposing corresponding management opinions on the social and ecological differences in each functional area. |
PDF Full Text Request