Ecological Impacts Of Human Disturbance On Bubble Marsh Wetlands In Fuxin Desertification Sensitive Areas

After the 18th National Congress of the CPC,a series of decisions and arrangements have been made by the central government for ecological progress.Focusing on the fragile and sensitive areas of ecological system in Liaoning Province,this paper analyzes the degradation of bubble marsh wetlands in Fuxin City’s desertification sensitive areas and its driving forces and it also explores the ecological impact of human disturbance on the bubble marsh wetlands in the desertification sensitive areas of Fuxin which provides the basic supportive data for the ecological status survey of the whole province.Based on the research of the bubble marsh wetlands in Aer Township of Fuxin City,this paper discusses the changes of landscape pattern in the desertification sensitive areas of Fuxin City and under human disturbance and its’ecological impact.From three aspects of bibliometrics,changes in wetland landscape pattern and physical and chemical properties of the soil,it describes the research status of wetland ecosystem under human disturbance from 1985 to 2019,the changing characteristics of the bubble marsh wetland landscape pattern and their influencing factors.Meanwhile,this paper examines different wetlands-use types and changing characteristics of the soil’s physical and chemical properties of wetland under different years,in hopes of providing some basic data for wetland protection and making feasible protection suggestions.The main results of this paper are as follows:（1）Using the method of bibliometrics,this paper makes a evaluation of the wetland-ecosystem related researches on the impact of human disturbance in the past30 years.The research contents can be divided into four aspects:effects of climate change on wetland-ecosystem changes;changes in the geochemical cycling of organic carbon pools in mangrove wetland sediments under human disturbance;wetland water eutrophication and organic pollution under human disturbance;the impact of human disturbance on wetland biodiversity and its protection.（2）In the 34 years from 1985 to 2019,the area of bubble marsh wetlands in Aerxiang decreased from 8.32 km² in 1985 to 0.91 km² in 2019,with a reduction rate of up to 89%;the number of marsh wetlands decreased from 86 in 1985 to 28 in 2010,with a decline rate of 67.4%,and increased to 77 in 2015,which basically reached the number of bubble marsh wetlands in 1985.However,from 2015 to 2019,the number of marsh wetlands decreased again to 66,and the number of areas is always on a downward trend,and wetland landscape as a whole is fragmented.From 1985 to 2019,the change of the wetlands’landscape pattern in areas under study shows wetlands are mainly transferred to non-wetlands.The transferred area accounts for 74%,and they are mostly transferred to farmland and grassland.（3）The results of multiple linear regression which gained by the research on the key driving forces of the bubble marsh wetland shrinkage from 1985 to 2019 shows that social factors（agricultural reclamation,overgrazing,etc.）mainly affect the area of marshes and wetlands,while natural factors（temperature rise,precipitation decline,etc.）mainly affect the number of marsh wetlands,but cannot explain the change of the size of marshes and wetlands.（4）Taking the bubble marsh wetlands in Aerxiang as the research object,this study focused on the impact of different land use types and the changing characteristics of physical and chemical properties of wetland soil under different years and the change of the contents of related nutrients.Meanwhile,the effects of different utilization methods on the soil’s physical and chemical properties,TOC,N and P contents are also discussed.The results show that after the wetland is converted to other land types,its soil’s moisture content is reduced,and its physical and chemical properties are significantly influenced too.The land use types will have a significant influence on the contents of TN、NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N and TP in the soil,and this effect will gradually recover with the passing of time.（5）Remote sensing technology should be adopted to realize dynamic monitoring.Firstly,according to the regional characteristics of ecological types in the semi-arid farming-pastoral ecotone in Aerxiang,reasonable measures for wetland development and utilization should be made,and both ecological and construction needs should be taking into consideration.Meanwhile,the government should strengthen publicity and public awareness of wetland protection,and speed up wetland-related legislation,so that there are laws and principles to follow,and the influence of human factors can be eliminated as much as possible.Not only the wetland environment can be fully maintained and improved,but also the synergetic development of regional ecological environment and economy can be achieved.