Variation Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of Ecosystem Service Bundles In A River Basin

Ecosystem service bundle is a combination of multiple ecosystem services in space,and it is the dominant function characterization of land multi-functionality.Identifying the spatial and functional change characteristics and influencing factors of ecosystem service bundles can provide references for implementing zoning management strategies based on dominant functions,coordinating land versatility,and improving the overall regional territorial spatial functions.Taking the Daqing River Basin as an example;this study evaluated 2 types of supply services(food supply,water yield)and 4 types of regulation services(water retention,water purification,soil retention and carbon sequestration)a total of 6 ecosystem services with 1980,2000,and 2015 as the key time nodes,And explore the interaction between the two ecosystem services,and divide the ecosystem service bundles of 725 towns in the basin,explore the characteristics of their changes,and determine the main drivers that affect their changes.factor.Research indicates:(1)The land use change in the Daqing River Basin is mainly manifested in the increase of forest land(upstream)and the increase of construction land(downstream),mainly the conversion between forest,grass,farming,and construction land,and land use from 1980 to 2000 The changes are more drastic than 2000—2015;(2)The ecosystem services of the Daqing River Basin showed different spatial differentiation;from 1980 to 2015,the overall trend was increasing.Only the supply of water resources decreased by 0.42%from 2000 to 2015;spatially,the western mountainous areas adjusted services Enhancement will increase the supply of services in the Eastern Plain;the trade-off relationship occurs between the supply service and the regulation service,and the coordination mainly occurs between the regulation service and the regulation service,and the trade-off/coordination relationship changes over time.(3)The ecosystem services of the Daqing River Basin are divided into four types:high-regulation bundle(B1),high-supply bundle(B2),water supply bundle(B3),and low value bundle(B4).Spatially,B1 is distributed in the upper mountainous area of the basin,B2,B3,and B4 are distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the basin;from 1980 to 2015,the basin was mainly dominated by B1,B4 and transformed into B1,B2,and B3.(4)Natural background conditions and ecological policies such as returning farmland to forests are the main factors driving the increase of high-regulation bundle.Changes in initial supply services and social factors are the main factors for the spatial changes of high-supply service bundles and water supply bundle.Based on site conditions,the classification and coordination of the land’s multi-functional attributes will help improve the overall function of the land space.The results of this case study provide an effective way to manage the multi-functional properties of the land and enhance the overall spatial function of the land.Figure[25]Table[6]Reference[79]...