Study On The Secondary Metabolites In The Fruit Of Nitraria Tanguticum And Its Anti-type Ⅱ Diabetes Activity Based On Network Pharmacology

Type Ⅱ diabetes is one of the major difficult metabolic diseases that endanger human health around the world,and the incidence of this disease is increasing year by year.At present,oral hypoglycemic drugs are the main method of prevention and treatment of the disease,but the current first-line hypoglycemic drugs have the shortcomings of single target and numerous adverse reactions.Medicine and food homologous plants have low side effects and high safety.Therefore,finding multi-target,safe and effective secondary metabolites from medicinal and food homologous plants has become a research hotspot in the prevention and treatment of type Ⅱ diabetes.Nitraria is a common medicinal and edible plant in Northwest my country,with a long history of medicinal use and remarkable efficacy.In recent years,studies have found that Nitraria fruit can be used for the treatment of diseases such as hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.However,the secondary metabolites present in Nitraria fruit have complex and diverse structures,and the material basis and mechanism of their anti-type Ⅱ diabetes effects are not clear.Therefore,the application of Nitraria fruit in the prevention and treatment of type Ⅱ diabetes is limited.In recent years,network pharmacology has developed rapidly.Network pharmacology is the study of the interaction between secondary metabolites and related disease protein targets in plants from the perspective of systems biology,so as to achieve multi-target prediction of the effects of secondary metabolites.In this experiment,the secondary metabolites in the fruit of Nitraria tangutorum were systematically extracted,separated and identified.A total of 25 secondary metabolites were isolated and identified,of which 1 was a new secondary metabolite,18 was the first isolation within this species,and 17 was the first isolation within this genus.In addition,based on the isolated secondary metabolites,a network of "secondary metabolites-type Ⅱ diabetes" target points was constructed.Through the network diagram,it is observed that the protein targets 1WPQ,3N7 R,and 2ACL involve more secondary metabolites,and it is inferred that they may be important targets for the prevention and treatment of Ⅱ diabetes.Finally,the isolated secondary metabolites were also tested for the function of the important target protein 1WPQ.The results of in vitro inhibitory activity showed that the 10 secondary metabolites interacting with 1WPQ all had inhibitory effects on it.Among them,SYJ-10 and SYJ-14 had higher inhibitory effects,with inhibition rates of 29.9% and 39.0%,respectively.Through molecular docking simulation,it is predicted that the amino acids Gly 149 and Asn 151 may be the key amino acids that SYJ-10 and SYJ-14 interact with GPDH,respectively.