Research On The Current Situation And Countermeasure Of Emission Trading Based On Transaction Cost Theory

Emission trading is under the total amount control,which means that the polluters buy or sell emission rights through the market mechanism to achieve incentive,spontaneous and active pollution control,so as to effectively control pollution,protect and improve environmental quality.China has organized and carried out the practice of emission trading at the national and local levels,and some places have formulated the management measures and implementation rules of emission trading.Through literature review and analysis,this paper sorts out the development of relevant emissions trading at home and abroad,expounds the trading of emissions trading,trading system,theoretical analysis of emissions trading,and the cost of emissions trading,and summarizes the relevant basic theories needed in this research.Taking Chongqing as an example,through the literature analysis method,the social survey method,and the multi-disciplinary analysis method,the paid use and transaction of the Chongqing municipal emission rights from January,2015 to April,2020 are analyzed,and the Chongqing sewage trading rights market is analyzed.There are problems in the above,combined with the analysis of the current emission trading system,relevant suggestions for improvement of the emission trading system are put forward.The main findings are as follows:(1)On the one hand,the emission trading pilot in Chongqing has achieved certain results.The first is to increase enterprises’ awareness of environmental resources "valuable,limited,and paid",strengthen their initiative to strengthen pollution control,and promote the reduction of pollutant emissions.The second is to play the role of the market in the allocation of resources,and to effectively cooperate with the current environmental management systems such as environmental impact assessment and pollution discharge permits,which has changed the situation of promoting environmental protection work solely by administrative means.The third is to integrate the basic information and pollution discharge data of the pollutant discharge unit,and be effectively used in supervision and management,and improve the level of fine environmental management.On the other hand,there are still some problems in Chongqing’s emissions trading rights market.First,the paid use of emissions rights and insufficient legal support for trading policies;second,the emissions trading market is not active enough;third,the coverage of emissions trading systems is incomplete;fourth,emissions rights Transaction costs are high.(2)At present,there are some problems in emission trading system of China.Firstly,the legal system is not perfect;secondly,there is no unified standard from examination and approval to trading,which mainly depends on the exploration of various regions;secondly,the trading system is unreasonable,and the basic practice of our country is free distribution,and there is no clear legal basis for the allocation index;thirdly,the government Taking Chongqing as an example,the main information and resources of the emission trading market are all controlled by the Chongqing resources and environment trading center,the mutual trading process between enterprises is relatively passive,and the supply and demand in the market are not well grasped.(3)Three suggestions are made to address the problems in the emission trading system.First,we should further improve the legal system and accelerate the legislation of emission trading from the local and national levels.The second is to improve the trading system and mechanism,carry out special research on the relationship between the "surplus" emission indicators and the total emission reduction task of pollutant discharge units,and the relationship between the emissions trading in different places and the total amount control objectives of corresponding administrative regions,so as to promote the change of emission trading system in Chongqing from "emission reduction credit" type to "total amount control" type.The third is to continue the reform of "releasing control and service".The fourth is to explore the establishment of free trade mode.(4)Five suggestions are put forward to reduce the cost of emission trading,including improving the efficiency of examination and approval,implementing the whole network approval system,publicizing the approval results of environmental protection authorities,encouraging the establishment of intermediary agencies for emission trading,setting reasonable prices,and liberalizing marketization.