| With the development of society and technological progress,flame retardants(FRs)as chemical additives are widely used in consumer products that are closely related to people’s lives.At the same time,its assessment and research on the environment and human health has also become a focus of attention.Due to the high hydrophobicity and lipophilicity of some flame retardant products,flame retardants are more likely to accumulate in the sediments,and these compounds in the sediments may be ingested by inhabiting organisms,amplified in the food chain,and ultimately produce harm to humans.Potential exposure risk.This study mainly focused on the extraction methods of flame retardants in surface sediments and plastic children’s toys and the risk of human health exposure.The sediment samples come from the surface sediments of the Yellow River Delta.In this study,the method of extracting and purifying the three flame retardants of PCBs,PBDEs and OPFRs in the sediments was optimized by using standard materials,isotope standards and actual sediment samples.An accelerated solvent extraction(ASE)device is used to extract the sediment sample,and the sample is purified by solid phase extraction and chromatography column extraction in series.Through the optimization of ASE,solid phase extraction and chromatography column,the recovery rate of PCBs for addition of standard reached 111.5 % ± 9.5%,the recovery rate of addition of PBDEs reached 90.5%±10.5%,and the recovery rate of OPFRs reached 104%±19%.The method was applied to 20 actual samples of surface sediments of the Yellow River Delta for analysis,and 12 compounds including PBDEs and OPFRs were detected.The concentration range is 0.0175-0.06μg·g-1and 0.25-76.48 μ g · g-1,indicating that the content of organophosphorus flame retardants in this area is significantly higher than that of brominated flame retardants.Plastic children’s toys were purchased from Taobao.In this study,two different analytical methods were established by optimizing the parameters of HPLC-DAD and GC-MS/MS to achieve an accurate determination of the concentration of flame retardants in plastic samples.The spiked recovery rate of BDE-209 detected by HPLC-DAD was 99.43±2.55,and the spiked recovery rate of DBDPE was 114.24±1.84.The spiked recovery rate of BDE-209 detected by GC-MS/MS was 94.38±3.61,and the spiked recovery rate of DBDPE was 117.92±1.48.The established method was applied to 13 kinds of plastic toy samples purchased online from different stores,and the concentration range of BDE-209 detected was 178.19ng·g-1-670.67ng·g-1.The concentration range of DBDPE is 491.27ng·g-1-619.72ng·g-1.Although the concentration of DBDPE is higher than that of BDE-209,the detection rate of BDE-209 is higher than that of DBDPE.Based on the detected concentrations,this study used the VLIER-HUMAAN soil exposure model and the flame retardant internal migration rate model to expose the PBDEs and OPFRs in the sediments of the Yellow River Delta,and the BDE-209 and DBDPE in the plastic toy samples.Risk assessment.The results showed that PBDEs and OPFRs in sediments were mainly exposed through skin contact,accounting for87% of both.Plastic children’s toys are mainly exposed through direct oral ingestion,with BDE-209 exposure accounting for 87% and DBDPE exposure accounting for60%.The non-carcinogenic risk of each compound is within an acceptable range. |
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