| Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)is one of the main food crops in China.It is widely planted because of its excellent drought resistance,barren tolerance and high temperature resistance.However,due to the continuous expansion of planting scale,the problems of diseases,frequent insect pests and nutrition deficiency have become more and more serious.Therefore,this article takes sorghum as the research object.Focusing the nutrient requirements,diseases and insect pests of sorghum a chemical type and a biological type fertilizer compound pelletized seed coating agent are developed through the screening of medicines,fertilizers and auxiliaries.Combined with laboratory and field experiments the biological effects of the two seed coating agents were evaluated.It provides scientific reference for the rational planting,green prevention and control and safe production of sorghum,which is of great significance to guarantee the production and quality safety of sorghum.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Active ingredient screening:The pathogen of sorghum head smut was isolated and identified as Sporisorium reilianum.Using PCR-based sorghum head smut seedling fungicide screening technology,the chemical fungicide tebuconazole and the microbial fungus Aspergillus niger were selected as the suitable agent for coating.The insecticide cyantraniliprole and abamectin,which can control underground pests and sorghum aphids,were screened out by the method of soaking insects and leaves.Through seed soaking and seedling cultivation,the plant growth regulator is selected as brassinolide and short biological peptide,and the trace element fertilizer is borax and zinc sulfate;the germination test shows that the above ingredients are safe for sorghum seeds.(2)Screening of auxiliary ingredients:by measuring disintegration time,compressive strength,uniformity and pilling multiple,the fillers suitable for coating are selected as clay and attapulgite,and the disintegrant is sodium carboxymethyl starch;Film liquid preparation was used to determine the stringiness,viscosity,dilution,film-forming properties and film properties of 10 adhesives and film-forming agents.Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was choosed as the adhesive and film-forming agent.(3)Sorghum pelletized seed coating formulation and preparation:Preparation method:Attapulgite:clay=2:1 as the carrier,the ratio of seed coating agent to seed is 5:1;1%sodium carboxymethyl cellulose adhesive,2%sodium carboxymethyl starch as disintegrant,1%sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and acid amaranth Red is formulated into a colorable film-forming agent;through spraying and rolling,the fertilizer supply layer,the anti-pest layer,the plant growth regulator,and the film-forming layer are formed from the inside to the outside.chemical pelletized seed coating(HX)formulation:0.90μg/m L tebuconazole,1.24μg/m L cyantraniliprole,0.0267μg/m L brassin Lactone,2000μg/m L borax,2000μg/m L zinc sulfate;Bio-type pelletized seed coating(SW)formula:5.76×10~9 cfu/g Aspergillus niger spore powder,0.38μg/m L abamectin,2000μg/m L borax,2000μg/m L zinc sulfate,2000μg/m L biological short peptide.(4)The quality standard of sorghum pelletized seed coating agent:the average seed rate of pelletized sorghum seeds is 100%,the single seed rate was 98%,the single-grain compressive strength is 50.03HD,and the uniformity is 99%.The decomposition ratio is 5.53,the disintegration time is 129.3s,the damage rate is 1%,the mold rate is 0%,and the germination rate is 71%;the degradation rate of the active ingredients of the coating layer after the heat storage test is all within 10%;therefore;,Both kinds of pelletized seeds meet the quality standards.(5)Indoor activity of sorghum pelletized seed coating:the germination rates of HX and SW are 75.56%and 76.67%,respectively,and the germination potentials are73.33%and 72.22%,respectively,which are not significant different from those of uncoated naked seeds,it can significantly increase the plant height by 18.7%and17.4%,and the fresh quality by 89.17%and 63.48%,respectively(α=0.05);HX and SW pelletized sorghum seed coating agents have an effect on Sporisorium reilianum.The antifungal activities were 94.44%and 88.89%,respectively.Through indoor pot experiments,it was concluded that the emergence rate of HX and SW pelletized sorghum seeds were significantly increased by 41.77%and 40.51%,respectively.The control effect of HX pelletized seed coating agent on grubs was 45.45%,and the control effect of SW type pelletized seed coating agent on grubs was 55.56%.(6)Field experiment of sorghum pelletized seed coating agent:Field test results show that the biological effect of sorghum pelletized seed coating agent is obvious.HX and SW pelletized seed coating agents increased sorghum plant height by 65.70%,45.24%,stem circumference increased by 81.88%,69.48%,leaf length increased by 11.00%,7.70%,and panicle length increased significantly.Length 35.27%,31.14%,1000-grain weights were significantly increased by 75%,55%,the number of effective plants were significantly increased by 18.75%,10.97%,respectively,and the yield was significantly increased by 59.13 kg/667m~2,42.25 kg/667m~2(α=0.05);HX and SW pills Chemical seed coating agents have 47.94%and 40.04%control effects against sorghum leaf spot,57.14%and 47.37%against seedling aphids,and 44.61%and 43.13%against grubs.For this reason,the pathogen of sorghum head smut was isolated and identified as Sporisorium reilianum,and the chemical fungicide tebuconazole and the microbial agent Aspergillus niger suitable for coating were screened out;Insecticide cyantraniliprole,abamectin,plant growth regulator brassinolide,biological short peptide,trace element fertilizer borax,zinc sulfate;filler clay and attapulgite,disintegrant sodium carboxymethyl starch,sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was used as adhesive and film-forming agent;the preparation method and formula of sorghum pelletized seed coating agent were clarified,and chemical type and biological type fertilizer compound pelletized seed coating agent are developed;The average seed rate,single seed rate,single-grain compressive strength,uniformity,pelletizing multiple,disintegration time,breakage rate,mildew rate,germination rate,and degradation rate of active ingredients in the coating layer all of the two kinds of pelleted sorghum meet the quality standards.Two kinds of sorghum pelletized seed coating agents can increase plant height,stem circumference,leaf length,ear length,1000-grain weight,effective plant number,and significant yield;effectively control sorghum leaf spot and seedling aphid and grubs. |
PDF Full Text Request