Spatiotemporal Pollution Characteristics And Health Risk Assessment Of Typical Atmospheric SVOCs Emitted From E-waste Dismantling Area

E-waste dismantling can emit a lot of organic pollutants,which will seriously pollute the environment and cause harm to human health.The pollution problem caused by e-waste dismantling has attracted people’s attention,and the pollution of semi-volatile organic pollutants（SVOCs）in the process of e-waste dismantling has been the focus of research.SVOCs are a kind of important organic pollutants,which are widely concerned owing to their wide existence and adverse effects on human beings’health,including polybrominated diphenyl ethers（PBDEs）,organophosphate triesters（tri-OPEs）,organophosphate diesters（di-OPEs）,and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）,etc.Although there are many researches on SVOCs from e-waste dismantling,however,there are few studies on tri-OPEs in the atmosphere of e-waste dismantling area,in particular,di-OPEs in the atmosphere has not been reported.At present,most of the researches on SVOCs released by electronic waste dismantling are the research on pollution level and distribution characteristics at a certain point and region,lack of systematic and long-term change research.This study takes the whole e-waste dismantling area as the research object,twenty PBDEs,thirteen tri-OPEs,seven di-OPEs,and sixteen PAHs were selected as target compounds,through the grid layout design,collecting the atmosphere of the e-waste dismantling park and its surrounding areas for three consecutive years（there are 19sampling points in total）,which includes TSP,PM_2.5 and their corresponding gas phase samples.Our aims are to explore the composition profiles,gas-particle distribution profiles,mi gration and diffusion as well as the potential sources of typical SVOCs in the e-waste dismantling area and the surrounding atmospheric environment;Meanwhile its spatiotemporal dynamic changes and the impact of e-waste dismantling on the surrounding atmospheric environment.The results showed that in 2017,2018,and 2019,the concentrations of TSP were473.3,401.2,and 389.6μg m^–3,which were higher than those of particulate matter in most of the surrounding areas(the concentrations range were 73.4–424.4μg m^–3).In the e-waste dismantling park,the corresponding concentrations of PBDEs in TSP were1.27×10⁵,1.12×10⁵ and 1.08×10⁵ pg m^–3,the concentrations of tri-OPEs were 1.30×10⁸,4.60×10⁶ and 4.01×10⁷pg m^–3,the concentrations of di-OPEs were 1.14×10⁵,1.10×10³and 3.46×10² pg m^–3,the concentrations of PAHs were 6.62×10⁴,1.36×10⁵ and9.54×10⁴ pg m^–3;In surrounding areas,the corresponding concentrations of PBDEs in TSP were 1.45×10³,6.31×10² and 5.09×10² pg m^–3,the concentrations of tri-OPEs were7.40×10⁴,2.37×10⁴ and 3.68×10³ pg m^–3,the concentrations of di-OPEs were 31.6,4.51and 5.23 pg m^–3,the concentrations of PAHs were 3.57×10⁴,9.15×10³ and 6.72×10³ pg m^–3.It could be seen from the above,the concentrations of PBDEs,tri-OPEs and di-OPEs in the e-waste dismantling park were significantly higher than those in surrounding areas,and PAHs were slightly higher than those in surrounding areas.The concentration of tri-OPEs in the the dismantling park was significantly higher than PBDEs,di-OPEs and PAHs.The concentration of tri-OPEs and PAHs in the surrounding area was similar,which higher than PBDEs and di-OPEs.The concentrations of PBDEs and di-OPEs in the dismantling park decreased year by year,while the concentrations of tri-OPEs and PAHs fluctuated with time,which might be related to the strengthened management of the park and the amount of e-waste dismantling on that day;The concentrations of PBDEs,tri-OPEs and PAHs in the surrounding areas decreased year by year,the di-OPEs concentrations in 2018 and 2019were similar,but significantly lower than those in 2017,indicating that the amount of SVOCs discharged from e-waste dismantling into the atmosphere of surrounding areas decreased after the park was formally established and strengthened management.The concentration of SVOCs in PM_2.5 was lower than that in TSP,but the regularity was similar.The gas-particle distribution showed that Tri-BDEs and Tetra-BDEs were mainly distributed in the gas phase,Penta-BDEs were mainly distributed in the particulate phase,BDE-209 was almost entirely distributed in the particle phase,that was,low brominated PBDEs tended to be distributed in the gas phase,while high brominated PBDEs tended to be distributed in the particle phase.Aryl-tri-OPEs and Cl-tri-OPEs were mainly distributed in the particle phase,while alkyl-tri-OPEs were mainly distributed in the gas phase;Cl-di-OPEs and alkyl-di-OPEs were mainly distributed in the particle phase,while aryl-di-OPEs were mainly distributed in the gas phase;The PAHs of 2-ring and 3-ring were mostly distributed in the gas phase,the PAHs of 4-ring were mainly distributed in the gas phase,the PAHs of 5-ring and 6-ring were almost all distributed in the particle phase,in other words,PAHs with low rings tended to be distributed in gas phase,while PAHs with high rings tended to be distributed in particle phase.Source apportionment showed that e-waste dismantling was the main source of PBDEs,tri-OPEs,di-OPEs and PAHs.The health risk assessment showed that the significant non-carcinogenic risk of four SVOCs to human health in the e-waste dismantling park was higher than that in the surrounding areas,but it did not cause significant non-carcinogenic risk to human health.In summary,the concentrations of PBDEs,tri-OPEs,and di-OPEs in the e-waste dismantling park were significantly higher than those in the surrounding areas,the concentration of PAHs was slightly higher than that in the surrounding areas,and e-waste dismantling was an important source of PBDEs,tri-OPEs,di-OPEs,and PAHs.The concentration of particulate matter in the surrounding areas fluctuated with time,but compared with 2017,the overall trend was downward;The pollution of PBDEs,tri-OPEs,di-OPEs,and PAHs in the surrounding areas decreased with time.No matter the e-waste dismantling park or the surrounding areas,these pollutants have no obvious noncarcinogenic risk to the human health.This study will provide certain technical support for the construction of a national e-waste park,and a scientific basis for the correct assessment of the impact of typical semi-volatile organic pollutants in the atmosphere of the park on the environment.