Research On Air Environment Of Waiting Spaces In General Hospital In Winter Cities

In modern society,a healthy and good living environment has been continuously attached importance to.Extant studies show that people spend 70%of their time indoors,so providing a good indoor air environment is particularly important under the theme of respiratory environmental health.Under the current medical conditions,the pressure of diagnosis and treatment in large general hospitals continues to increase.A large number of patients gather in the indoor environment of the general hospital,which poses huge health risks to vulnerable groups such as patients.Therefore,providing a good indoor air environment in a hospital environment is of great significance to both patients and medical staff.Scientific research on hospital indoor air environment will be helpful to provide useful reference for the scientific optimization of medical building design.A healthy air environment is defined as a majority of people(80%)being satisfied with the indoor air environment and the levels of indoor pollutants are up to standard.Therefore,the optimization of indoor air environment is mainly based on subjective perception of air environment and objective evaluation of relevant air pollutants.Therefore,the study of hospital air environment in this paper also involves both subjective and objective aspects.On the one hand,the influence of field environment and situational factors on the subjective evaluation of air environment is discussed.On the other hand,the distribution rules of relevant pollutants under different environmental conditions are studied through numerical simulation.In this paper,first of all,a field survey was conducted on the waiting spaces of large general hospitals in winter cities to recognize the situational environmental characteristics of the waiting space.At the same time,an interview questionnaire was conducted to explore the evaluation of the waiting crowds on the air environment and related influencing factors.During the interview,participants generally believed that the indoor air environment of the hospital was worrying and its air quality deserved to be further improved.However,people’s acceptability of hospital air environment was relatively high.Due to the particularity of hospital buildings,even the relatively poor hospital air environment was considered as"understandable".At the same time,participants preferred to wait in a"bright","fresh air"and"odor-free"environment.Based on the results of the questionnaire survey,the study also found that in different types of waiting spaces,there were significant differences in the air environment satisfaction among waiting crowds,but the acceptability was similar and high.In terms of influencing factors,in the two types of waiting spaces,air dullness was the primary factor affecting air environment satisfaction.Crowd density only affected air environment satisfaction in hall spaces,and the two were significantly negatively correlated.The threshold of crowd density was about 1 person/m~2.Air environment satisfaction was more closely related to acoustic environment and light environment satisfaction in the hall spaces.In the corridor spaces,air environment satisfaction was only the closest to acoustic environment satisfaction.In terms of waiting emotional states,in the hall spaces,air environment satisfaction was significantly positively correlated with waiting anxiety and waiting pleasure.In the corridor spaces,the correlation was not.In addition,the satisfaction of the young group was significantly higher than that of the old group.In the corridor spaces,the satisfaction of females and patients were significantly higher than that of males and escorts respectively.In addition,this study also carried out the simulation experiment of the waiting space environment elements and air environment indexes.The results showed that CO2 concentrations in the two types of waiting spaces were significantly affected by crowd density,crowd distribution,ventilation location,ventilation rate and space openness.In the corridor spaces,the influence of ventilation temperature was not significant.In the hall space,the influence of ventilation temperature and radiator temperature was not significant.In terms of indoor temperature,all environmental factors were correlated with indoor temperature to varying degrees.In terms of indoor wind speed,in the two types of waiting spaces,the influence of vent position and ventilation volume on indoor wind environment was relatively significant.Finally,this study analyzed the subjective and objective research results and proposed corresponding optimization measures.Subjective aspects mainly focused on improving air environment satisfaction,which need to be started from three aspects:improving perceived air environment evaluation,controlling waiting time and crowd density,and optimizing combined sound and light environment.Objectively,it was mainly to improve the relevant air quality indicators,including indoor pollutants,temperature and wind speed.The inportant optimization recommendations were to reduce crowd density.In the corridor spaces,the crowd was evenly distributed and closed to the air outlet,while the ventilation was arranged inside.Hall waiting spaces should gather crowd in the middle of the space.Vents should be directed to the seat area.The ventilation rate of both waiting spaces should be above medium.The ventilation temperature could be reduced and the space openness should be improved.