| The Qilian Mountains are a key ecosystem service function area and an important ecological security barrier in China.The special topographic environment and geographical location have led to a very fragile ecological environment,and many ecological and environmental problems have emerged under the influence of global climate change.In order to better protect the ecological environment,while enhancing and restoring various ecosystem service functions.In this paper,a typical plantation forest area of Taergou and a typical natural forest area of Beishan National Forest Park in the eastern Qilian Mountains were selected as the research objects.Using ArcGIS,ENVI and other software,we visualized and processed field survey data,indoor experimental data and remote sensing image data in each study area by InVEST model to simulate the carbon storage function,soil conservation function and water yield function of the two watersheds.Then the three ecosystem service functions in the study area were evaluated and analyzed.Finally,the importance zones of different ecosystem service functions are divided by the quantile method and obtained by superposition analysis for each watershed integrated ecosystem service function area.It is expected to provide a theoretical scientific basis for decision makers to formulate ecological environmental protection and management measures in the eastern Qilian Mountains.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Carbon storage functionIn both study areas,agricultural land had the weakest carbon storage capacity per unit area compared to other land types with plant cover.The carbon storage capacity per unit area of Sabina przewalskii plantation and natural forest was significantly lower than that of other forested land,with the pure Picea asperata forest having the strongest carbon storage capacity.The carbon storage capacity per unit area of natural forest was higher than that of plantation forest by about 71.56 t on average.The overall carbon storage capacity trends in the two study areas were:forest land>non-forest land,natural forest>plantation forest,Picea asperata pure forest>coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest,broadleaf pure forest>Sabina przewalskii pure forest.(2)Soil conservation functionThe soil retention per unit area in the two study areas differed greatly,but the soil retention capacity trends were roughly the same for each category,showing a trend of Sabina przewalskii pure forest>coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest>broadleaf pure forest and Picea asperata pure forest,grassland>farmland,and natural forest>plantation forest.(3)Water yield functionThe average water yield of land types in both watersheds showed a trend of Sabina przewalskii pure forest>coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest>broadleaf pure forest,and grassland>farmland.The difference is that the average water yield of Picea asperata pure forest in Taergou is higher than that of mixed conifer-broadleaf forest in the watershed,while the water yield of Picea asperata natural pure forest in Beishan National Forest Park is lower than that of other woodlands.In addition,the water yield of plantation forest in Taergou was higher than that of grassland and farmland,while the water yield of woodland in Beishan National Forest Park was lower than that of grassland and farmland.On the whole,the water yield of forested land in Taergou was significantly higher than that of all types of forested land in Beishan National Forest Park.(4)Carbon storage functional importance zoningThe total area of the important and extremely important zones of carbon storage function in Taergou amounted to 176.24 hm~2,accounting for 65.14%of the total area of the study area.This area mainly includes all the woodlands and grasslands in the study area.Among them,the distribution area of the extremely important area reached 78.71 hm~2,accounting for 29.09%of the total area of Taergou.mainly including pure forest of Populus cathayana,pure forest of Betula platyphylla,pure forest of Picea crassifolia,pure forest of Larix principis-rupprechtii,mixed forest of Betula platyphylla+Picea crassifolia,mixed forest of Larix principis-rupprechtii+Picea crassifolia,mixed forest of Populus cathayana+Betula platyphylla+Picea crassifolia and mixed forest of Picea crassifolia+Larix principis-rupprechtii+Betula platyphylla.The total area of important and extremely important areas of carbon storage function in Beishan National Forest Park is 39766.34 hm~2,accounting for 35.01%of the total area of the study area.and the main types of land in this area are coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest,broad-leaved pure forests and Picea asperata pure forests.Among them,the distribution area of the extremely important area is 2679.08 hm~2,accounting for only 2.36%of the total area of the region,and the main distribution types are broad-leaved pure forests and Picea asperata pure forests.(5)Soil conservation functional importance zoningThe overall distribution of the important and extremely important areas of soil conservation function in Taergou is 126.74 hm~2,accounting for 46.99%of the total area of the study region.All the land types in this area are covered with vegetation and mostly distributed in the slightly higher part of the terrain on both sides of the gully.The distribution area of the extremely important area is 47.53 hm~2,accounting for 17.62%of the total area of the watershed.The total distribution area of important and extremely important areas of soil conservation function in Beishan National Forest Park is 51093.92hm~2,accounting for 45.35%of the total area,which includes various types of woodlands and some shrublands and grasslands,mainly distributed in the areas with slightly higher terrain and vegetation cover on both sides of the gully.Among them,the distribution area of the extremely important area is20254.28 hm~2,accounting for 17.98%of the total area of the study zone.(6)Water yield functional importance zoningThe important and extremely important areas of the water yield function in Taergou cover a total area of 92.30 hm~2,accounting for 34.20%of the total watershed area,which are all forested lands.Among them,the extremely important area covers a total area of 55.57 hm2,which is 1/5 of the area of the study region,mainly including pure forest of Picea crassifolia,mixed forest of Larix principis-rupprechtii+Picea crassifolia,pure forest of Larix principis-rupprechtii and pure forest of Sabina przewalskii.The total area of the important and extremely important areas of the water yield function in Beishan National Forest Park is 71657.26 hm~2,with an area share of 63.17%.This area mainly includes bare rock,shrubland,grassland,farmland and pure forest of Sabina przewalskii.Among them,the total area of the extremely important area reaches 19329.23 hm~2,accounting for17.04%of the watershed area,and the main land type is shrubland.(7)Ecosystem service function importance zoningThe total distribution area of important and extremely important zones of ecosystem services in Taergou is 135.71 hm~2,accounting for half of the total area of the study region,which mainly includes all forested and natural grasslands in the study area,of which,the distribution area of the extremely important zone was 62.79 hm~2,accounting for 23.33%of the total area of the study area.This functional area mainly includes pure forests of Picea crassifolia,pure forests of Larix principis-rupprechtii,mixed forests of Larix principis-rupprechtii+Picea crassifolia,and mixed forests of Betula platyphylla+Picea crassifolia,which are important ecological reserves in the study area.The total distribution area of important and extremely important zones of ecosystem service function in Beishan National Forest Park is 54164.63 hm~2,accounting for about 1/2 of the total area of the study region,which mainly includes shrubland and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest.In particular,the distribution area of the extremely important zone is 20252.16 hm~2,with an area share of 17.98%.This functional area is dominated by shrubland and belongs to the area with the optimal ecosystem service function. |
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