Research On Driving Safety In Expressway Tunnels Based On Psychological And Physiological Characteristics Of Drivers

With the rapid development of transportation,the number of expressway tunnels has been growing by leaps and bounds.On the one hand,the expressway tunnel has realized the bend cutting,slope descending,speed increasing and operation safety and operating revenue improving.On the other hand,it has become the bottleneck of the expressway traffic because of issues such as frequent and high occurrence of accidents,great hazard and difficulty in handling after the accident.In the traffic system composed of people,vehicles and roads,people are the subject of perception and the first important factor.The advantages and disadvantages of vehicles and road environment should be reflected through people’s perception.The manipulator is still an active element in the entire system and is susceptible to other factors.Therefore,through the study on drivers’ psychological and physiological changes,it can improve the reliability of drivers and make driving safer.First of all,according to the features of highway tunnel environment and traffic safety status quo,analysis of the impact of drivers,vehicles,highways and the surrounding environment on expressway tunnel traffic safety could help determine that the driving environment of the tunnel section and the driver’s own psychology were the biggest factors that affected the driving safety of the tunnel.The driver’s understanding and analysis of the environment and the influence of the surrounding environment would influence the driver and produce different impacts.Therefore,the tunnel section was divided into entrance section,middle section and exit section,and the driving safety of the driver in the tunnel section was judged based on his psychological data in each section.Second,a typical expressway tunnel was selected for real vehicle driving experiments,and construction of typical expressway tunnel driving simulation model and indoor simulation experiments.A biofeedback device was used to collect the EEG parameters and driving behavior data of the test driver,and an eye tracker was applied to obtain eye movement parameter data from the test driver.Consistency analysis was carried out between indoor simulation experimental data and outdoor real vehicle experimental data.The independent-samples T test was used to investigate whether there was any difference between the indoor simulation experimental data and the outdoor real vehicle experimental data.Pearson correlation was adopted to investigate the correlation between indoor simulation experimental data and outdoor real vehicle experimental data,so as to verify the validity of both indoor simulation experimental data and outdoor real vehicle experimental data.Third,the tunnel section was divided into entrance section,middle section and exit section,and slow α wave eigenvalue,βwave eigenvalue and EEG index power(θ+a)/β were selected as the driver’s EEG indexes.Pupil diameter,change rate of pupil diameter,mean fixation time and mean blinking time were selected as the eye movement indexes of the driver to analyze the differences of EEG parameters and eye movement parameters of the driver in different sections of the tunnel.The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test the normal distribution of each index of each section and all validating data conformed to the normal distribution;Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed on the three sections of the tunnel,namely entrance section,middle section and exit section.Bonferroni correction was used for post hoc tests and it was found that there was a tunnel hypnosis phenomenon in the middle section of the tunnel,and the driver tended to be fatigued in the middle section of the tunnel.Finally,in order to explore whether there were any eye movement-EEG integrated indexes that could be extracted and may have internal correlations for the conditions of the driver in different tunnel sections,principal component analysis was carried out on the eye movement-EEG indexes in the entrance section,middle section and exit section of the tunnel by the use of Varimax,and the measures and suggestions were put forward for improving the driving safety of the tunnel.