Research On Environmental Adaptability Of Civil UAV In Fire Rescue

UAV,as an indispensable emergency equipment in the emergency rescue team,has been widely used in emergency communication,disaster detection,personnel search and rescue,auxiliary rescue and so on.In the actual use,UAV is in the disaster environment of high temperature,low temperature,wet heat,fire field radiation,etc.,which will have a significant impact on its function and performance.The poor adaptability of UAV disaster environment will lead to the performance and function of UAV,and it can not complete the task set normally,even cause secondary disasters such as equipment fire and explosion.The existing evaluation of UAV environmental adaptability is mostly limited to the performance test of equipment materials and single disaster environment,and lacks the test and evaluation method of the equipment performance under the condition of disaster environment.This study starts from the study of the adaptability of emergency rescue equipment to disaster environment,analyzes the working conditions of UAV applied to fire field operation,conducts experimental research on simulating fire environment,designs a dynamic test platform for UAV,selects typical influencing factors of high temperature thermal radiation in fire field to conduct damage experiment,and combines high temperature thermal radiation experiment of UAV lithium battery,Finally,the most unfavorable factors of UAV in fire field environment are analyzed,and the evaluation system of UAV fire field environment adaptability is established.（1）The most adverse factors are used to analyze the environmental factors that affect the UAV in the fire field.The typical UAV fire rescue simulation test is carried out on the factors affecting the high temperature thermal radiation.Select 43 × The fire in 43 cm heptane oil pool is used as the simulated fire source,and a small and light weight UAV dynamic flight test frame is designed,which can meet the requirements of the UAV to collect the airframe characterization data in flight.The UAV can bear the high temperature thermal radiation intensity of fire field by changing the relative horizontal distance between the fuselage and the flame.The horizontal distance between UAV and pool fire can be decreased successively（400cm,320 cm,240cm,160 cm,120cm and 80cm）,and the temperature and heat radiation value of different parts of the fuselage can be collected and analyzed.The results show that:（1）the thermal radiation and heat convection in the fire field are the main forms of thermal damage to UAV;（2）The air field produced by rotor has obvious cooling effect on UAV fuselage,and the maximum cooling effect is 25.6 ℃ under the experimental condition;（3）Irreversible thermal damage begins at 80 cm from UAV and flame,which is the safe distance of UAV fire field flight under test condition.The study further reveals the thermal damage mechanism of UAV fire field.（2）UAV will have different influence on UAV when the fire height position changes during fire rescue of high-rise buildings.The relative height distance between UAV and pool fire bottom is 0（the position equal to the height of pool fire basin）;86cm（height position of twice the diameter of pool fire basin）;The main conclusions are as follows:（1）in the case of UAV flying,with the rise of altitude position,the temperature on the upper surface of the fuselage decreases,the abdomen increases,the front end decreases,and the maximum temperature difference is the front end of the upper surface,It reaches 38.2 ℃;（2）The maximum temperature difference of rotor on the protection of the fuselage temperature is44.7 ℃ at the motor position under the flight condition of UAV.（3）The cooling effect of rotor is reflected in the rapid cooling after reducing the fuselage temperature and evacuating external interference.（3）The adaptability test of the lithium battery,the most vulnerable part of UAV,was carried out.Infrared radiation lamp was selected as the simulated thermal radiation source,and the heat flux density of lithium battery was taken as variable factor to collect the data of temperature,voltage,capacitance and electric energy of lithium battery,The main conclusions are as follows:（1）under different heat flux intensity,the slope of the temperature growth curve of UAV lithium battery is different,the slope of the data chart of the temperature change of the battery is similar between 17.36kw/m2 and 52.08kw/m2,and the slope of the temperature data graph increases after 52.08 kw/m2,and the temperature change varies greatly;（2）The voltage of UAV lithium battery is more violent in the period of the beginning and end of the discharge process,and the change of the middle section is more moderate.（4）Taking the UAV application in fire rescue as an example,the test indexes of UAV complete machine test and battery parts test,and the evaluation indexes that affect the adaptability of civil UAV in the fire field environment are integrated,and the evaluation index test method and evaluation standard are obtained.The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are used to analyze the UAV,and the UAV used in the experimental test is used to demonstrate the results.Finally,the fuzzy evaluation score of the fire field adaptability of the UAV is obtained.Through the research on the adaptability of emergency rescue equipment,the environmental integrity test of civil UAV fire field and the research on the damage of high temperature thermal radiation of UAV lithium battery,and the evaluation system of the fire field environment adaptability of civil UAV is established,which can systematically complete the research work of the environmental adaptability of civil UAV fire field,It can provide R ＆ D support and scientific basis for the production and manufacturing of civil UAV and quality supervision.Figure [ 47 ] table [ 15 ] reference [ 49 ]...