Analysis Of Urinary Calculus Composition And Clinical Chara Cteristics Of Patients In Henan Area

BackgroundThe prevalence of urinary calculi is increasing in both developed and developing countries.Studies have shown that race,geographic region and living conditions may play a role in stone formation.The factors contributing to the upward trend in the prevalence of urolithiasis have not been determined.The etiology of urolithiasis is complex and may be influenced by factors such as genetic environment and lifestyle.Demographic factors,particularly gender and age,have a potential impact on stone composition,such as infectious stones,which are more common in younger women,and uric acid stones,which are more common in older people.The analysis of stone composition is similar to the pathology of urolithiasis,and can provide clues to the pathological mechanism of the connection between the anatomical diagnosis and pathological diagnosis of urolithiasis.In clinical practice,the determination of the composition of stones is helpful to determine the root cause of urolithiasis and provide appropriate individualized treatment to prevent the recurrence of stones.There are many patients with urinary calculi in Henan.Unfortunately,there are few studies on the stone composition analysis of patients with urinary calculi in the permanent resident population in Henan.ObjectiveTo analyze the composition of urinary calculi in Henan area and to explore the correlation between the differences of clinical features of patients.MethodsFrom October 1,2016 to December 31,2019,a total of 1520 patients with urinary calculi in Henan area were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy.The stone composition and clinical data of all patients were collected.Among them,there were 1036 male patients and 484 female patients with an average age of 46.88 13.84 years old,ranging in age from 1 to 87 years old.There were 1474 upper urinary tract calculi,including 923 renal calculi and 551 ureteral calculi.There were 46 cases of lower urinary tract calculi,42 cases of bladder calculi,and 4 cases of urethral calculi.The permanent resident population was 1151 cases located to the north of the Qinling and Huaihe River line,369 cases located to the south of the Qinling and Huaihe River line complicated with urinary tract infection 348 cases,158 cases complicated with diabetes,and 391 cases complicated with hypertensionResultsThe most common stone composition was calcium oxalate(77.5%),followed by calcium phosphate(8.7%),magnesium ammonium phosphate(7.4%),urate(5.5%)and cystine(0.9%).Calcium oxalate stones were more common in male patients(P<0.001),while struvite and cystine stones were more common in women(P<0.001).The common onset age of patients of different genders was between 41 and 60 years old.Urine pH(P<0.001),while neutral or alkaline urine(P<0.001)and urinary tract infections(P<0.001)are more likely to be associated with the formation of magnesium ammonium phosphate stones.Patients with higher serum creatinine levels were more likely to develop urate stones(P<0.001).The proportion of urate stones is higher in patients with diabetes(P<0.001),while patients with urate stones had a higher incidence of hypertension(P<0.001).Calcium oxalate stones were more common in the kidney and ureter(P<0.001),while struvite stones were more common in the lower urinary tract(P=0.001).There was no significant difference in the geographical distribution of calculi in Henan,except that uric acid calculi were more common in patients south of the Qinling-Huaihe River line(P<0.001).ConclusionThe most common stone composition in Henan is calcium oxalate,followed by calcium phosphate,struvite,urate and cystine.The proportion of ammonium magnesium phosphate stone is higher in Henan.The clinical characteristics of patients,such as gender,age,stone location,serum uric acid value,creatinine value and complicated diseases,were correlated with stone type.