The Status And Influencing Factors Of Common Physical Health Problems Among Middle School Students In Changchun City

Objective:Through the investigation of common physical health problems and health influencing factors of middle school students,clarifying the current situation of common physical health problems among middle school students in Changchun,exploring the main factors affecting the health of them,providing scientific basis for protecting and promoting the health of middle school students and making effective prevention and control measures.Methods:According to Technical Plan for Monitoring and Intervention of Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors of Students in Jilin Province in 2019,A multi-stage cluster sampling method was adopted to select the target schools,taking into account the urban and rural distribution,day school and boarding school.We first selected 1urban district and 1 suburban county in Changchun,then 4 schools(2 junior high schools and 2 high schools)in the urban district and 3 schools(2 junior high schools and 1 high school)in the suburban county,with 3 grades in each school and at least80 students in each grade for the survey.The content of the survey is divided into two parts: screening students’ common physical health problems and questionnaire survey.Common physical health problems in the students screened included poor vision,dental caries,malnutrition,overweight and obesity;Questionnaire survey mainly included middle school students’ diet and exercise habits,myopia related behaviors and other data.We used Epidata software to input data,and SPSS 24.0 to perform statistical description and analysis of the data.Classified variables were described by frequency and percentage.Univariate analysis was compared by χ2 test or Fisher’s exact probability method.Statistical significance variables in univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic analysis,with the test level α=0.05.Results:1.We collected the valid survey information of 1,958 middle school students in Changchun,including 1,115 middle school students and 843 high school students.The detection rate of poor visual acuity was 75.68%,the detection rate of dental caries was82.07%,the detection rate of overweight and obesity was 36.13%,and the detection rate of malnutrition was 4.55%.2.The single factor analysis showed that gender,grade,place of residence,whether to eat fried foods and fresh fruits,do eye exercises every day frequency,whether for outdoor activities during recess,and how many hours to do homework after school,attending after-school classes,reading and writing posture,whether parents and teachers remind students of incorrect reading and writing posture,the use of light at home after dark,whether parents are myopic,and the frequency of visual examination have statistical significance on the direct impact of poor vision of middle school students(P<0.05);Gender,grade,place of residence and frequency of eating sweets had significant statistical significance to the caries(permanent teeth)(P < 0.05).Gender,grade,place of residence and frequency of eating sweets had statistical significance on overweight and obesity(P<0.05).The influence of gender on malnutrition of middle school students was statistically significant(P<0.05).3.Gender,grade,place of residence,frequency of eating fried food,whether for outdoor activities during recess,the total time of attending cultural classes in the past week,what kind of light was used to read and write at home after dark,whether parents would remind them of incorrect reading and writing posture,whether parents are myopic and how many times in the past year have done visual acuity was the influencing factor of poor vision in middle school students.The risk of poor vision in girls was higher than that in boys(OR=1.468,95%CI: 1.068～2.020 in junior high school,OR=1.621,95%CI: 1.031～2.550 in senior high school).Junior high school students living in suburban counties had a lower risk of poor vision than urban students(OR=0.351,95%CI: 0.204～0.605).Junior high school students who often chose to stay indoors during recess had a 1.87 times greater risk of poor vision than those who opted for outdoor activities.Myopia of either parent will increase the risk of poor vision of high school students(In junior high school: myopia of father OR=2.772,95%CI:1.510～5.089;myopia of mother OR=2.205,95%CI: 1.297～3.751;myopia of both parents OR=2.321,95%CI: 1.143～4.714.In senior high school: myopia of father OR=2.591,95%CI: 1.109～6.053;myopia of mother OR=2.057,95%CI: 1.017～4.160;myopia of both parents OR=8.874,95%CI: 1.161～67.842).4.Gender,place of residence and the frequency of eating sweets are the influencing factors of dental caries in middle school students.Girls had a higher risk of dental caries than boys(OR=1.980,95%CI: 1.354～2.896 in junior high school;OR=2.521,95%CI: 1.701～3.736 in senior high school).Students in suburban counties had a lower risk of dental caries than those in urban areas(OR=0.661,95%CI:0.457～0.956 in junior high school;OR=0.399,95%CI: 0.269～0.592 in senior high school).Eating sweets was associated with an increased risk of dental caries among junior high school students(OR=1.754,95%CI: 1.055～2.917 for less than once a day;OR=4.829,95%CI: 2.052～11.363 for more than once a day).5.Gender,grade,place of residence and frequency of eating sweets are the influencing factors of overweight and obesity in middle school students.Compared with boys,girls have a lower risk of overweight and obesity(OR=0.546,95%CI:0.423～0.703 in junior high school;OR=0.670,95%CI: 0.497～0.903 in senior high school).Living in suburban counties is a protective factor for overweight and obesity,which reduces the risk of overweight and obesity(OR=0.610,95%CI: 0.474～0.786).High school students who never eat sweets are more likely to be overweight and obese.High school students who eat sweets less than once a day(OR=0.592,95%CI:0.361～0.971)and high school students who eat sweets every day(OR=0.333,95%CI:0.174～0.635)had a lower risk of being overweight and obese than high school students who never ate sweets.Girls in junior high school have a lower risk of malnutrition than boys(OR=0.331,95%CI: 0.170～0.645).Conclusion:1.The three common diseases with the highest detection rate among middle school students in Changchun were dental caries,poor vision,overweight and obesity.2.Female,third grade,eating fried foods,staying indoor during recess,enrolling in remedial classes every week,parents’ myopia and frequent visual examination in the past year may be the risk factors for poor vision of middle school students.Living in suburban counties,parents often remind students of incorrect reading and writing posture,and use roof light to read and write at home after dark may be the protective factors for poor vision of middle school students.3.Different gender,different places of middle school students suffering from dental caries is different,female,living in the city,middle school students who eat sweets more likely to suffer from dental caries.4.High school students who are male,lower grade,live in urban areas and never eat sweets are more likely to be overweight and obese.Male middle school students are more likely to suffer from malnutrition.