Analysis On The Differences Of T Lymphocyte Subsets And Lung Function In Peripheral Blood Of Asthmatic Adults With Different Allergens

Objective:Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation,which involves a variety of immune cells,airway structural cells,and inflammatory mediators.Recurrent wheezing,shortness of breath,and chest tightness are typical clinical manifestations.Although the exact pathogenesis of bronchial asthma has not been fully elucidated,several studies have confirmed that peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets play an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.Various allergens are important triggers for the occurrence and development of asthma.They can cause immunoglobulin E responses and mediate allergic reactions.Therefore,we hypothesized that there was a difference in the peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets of adult bronchial asthma patients with different sensitization patterns.We explored the role and mechanism of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in the pathogenesis of patients with different sensitization patterns using flow cytometry.The differences in lung function among adults with asthma in different sensitization modes were compared,and the role of different allergens in airway remodeling in patients was analyzed.Methods:57 adult asthma patients diagnosed in the outpatient clinic of Tianjin First Central Hospital were included as experimental group,and 22 healthy volunteers were used as control group.The allergen-specific Ig E concentration was detected by fluorescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The patients were divided into a dust mite combination,an animal dander combination,a pollen combination and a mold combination.Flow cytometry was used to determine peripheral blood T cells,CD4⁺T,CD8⁺T,Tregs,Th1,Th2,Th17,Th9,Th22 cells.We compared whether the T-lymphocyte subsets were different between patients in the experimental group and the control group,and whether there were differences in patients with different allergens.From the above 57 cases,47 patients with complete lung function data were included.We compared the differences in pulmonary function among the patients with different allergens.Results:CD4⁺T cells、CD8⁺T cells、CD4/CD8、Th17/Treg were higher in the experimental group than that of the other（P<0.05）.Comparing the T lymphocyte subsets of the group of dust mite combination,animal dander combination,pollen combination,and mold combination,it was found there was statistically difference in the Th17/Treg among the four groups（P<0.05）.The four groups were further compared in pairs.It was found Th17/Treg of the pollen combination was lower than that of the other three groups（P<0.05）.Comparing the lung function of four groups,it was found there were statistically differences in FEV1%pred,FEV1/FVC%pred,PEF%pred,FEF50%pred,FEF75%pred,MMEF75/25%pred among the four groups（P<0.05）.Pairwise comparison showed PEF%pred and MMEF75/25%pred were higher in the pollen combination than that in the other groups（P<0.05）.The pollen combination had higher FEF50%pred than the dust mite combination and mold combination,and the pollen combination had higher FEF75%pred,FEV1%pred,and FEV1/FVC%pred than the mold combination（P<0.0083）.Correlation analysis showed Th17 was negatively correlated with FEV1%pred,PEF%pred,FEF50%pred,MMEF75/25%pred.Th17/Treg was negatively correlated with FEV1%pred,FEV1/FVC%pred,PEF%pred,FEF50%pred（P<0.05）.Logistic multiple regression model showed CD4+T cells and Th17 cells were closely related to the incidence of bronchial asthma（OR>1,P<0.05）.Conclusion:1.Peripheral blood CD4⁺T cells,CD4⁺T cells,CD4/CD8,Th17/Treg ratio of adult bronchial asthma patients are different from healthy people.2.Th17/Treg ratio of bronchial asthma patients with different sensitization modes are different.Among them,the Th17/Treg ratio of adult bronchial asthma patients sensitized by pollen is lower than that of other sensitized patients.3.There are differences in lung function in patients with bronchial asthma with different sensitization patterns.The PEF%pred and MMEF75/25%pred of pollen sensitized patients are higher than that of other sensitized patients.The FEF50%pred is higher than that of dust mite sensitizers and mold sensitizers.The FEF75%pred,FEV₁%pred and FEV₁/FVC%pred are higher than that of mold sensitizers.4.Th17,Th17/Treg are negatively correlated with lung function in patients with bronchial asthma;5.Abnormal CD4⁺cells and Th17 cells may be the risk factors for bronchial asthma.