Health Cognition,behavior And Anxiety Among Different Groups Of People During The Epidemic Of COVID-19

Objective:The COVID-19 epidemic has formed a special space-time situation.It is worth exploring whether the cognition and behavior of different social groups on health are different from the usual,and whether the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic contributes to the improvement of health literacy among different social groups,and whether there are differences in the improvement of health literacy among different social groups.The aim of this study was to understand the subjective and objective cognition,prevention behaviors,and anxiety levels of three populations(college students,healthcare workers,public)of COVID-19 during the epidemic,and explore the influencing factors,and especially analyze the relationship between anxiety and cognition and behavior,to provide a reference for improving the cognition and behavior of various groups of people in response to COVID-19,and to provide a useful reference for improving the health literacy of different social groups.Methods:The questionnaire which included basic information,subjective judgment of COVID-19 cognition,COVID-19 prevention knowledge,prevention behavior and anxiety,etc.The database was established by Excel2010 and the statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS22.0.Frequency,rate(%)and M(P25,P75)were used for statistical description.Univariate analysis andc~2test were used for the effects of COVID-19cognition,protective behavior and anxiety among different populations,and Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between objective cognition,behavior and anxiety of each group.Results:1.Cognition,behavior and anxiety of college students with COVID-19189 college students(22.47%)had a good command of COVID-19 prevention and control knowledge,which was higher than the national residents’infectious disease prevention and control level in 2019(19.21%).However,403 students(47.92%) overestimated their cognition of COVID-19.College students aged≥22(OR=1.728)had higher objective cognition.Male(OR=1.642),<22 years old(OR=1.477),had no symptoms(OR=2.195),and were concerned about COVID-19 information(OR=7.390)were more likely to overestimate their cognition of COVID-19.64 students(7.61%)had good preventive behavior,which was significantly lower than the national residents’healthy lifestyle and behavioral literacy level in 2019(19.48%).College students who live in cities(OR=1.794)and have good objective cognition(OR=2.737)had better preventive behaviors.143 students(17.00%)developed anxiety during the epidemic.People with general health status(OR=5.217),poor health status(OR=2.286),risk of virus exposure(OR=2.150),excessive fever/fatigue/cough and other symptoms(OR=0.148),difficulty in judging information(OR=2.079),and overestimation of subjective cognition(OR=1.820)were more likely to have anxiety.There was a negative correlation between anxiety and behavior among college students(r=-0.069,P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between objective cognition and behavior(r=0.300,P<0.01).There was no correlation between anxiety and objective cognition(r=-0.009,P=0.800).2.Cognition,behavior and anxiety of healthcare workers with COVID-19There were 114 healthcare workers(40.71%)with good objective cognition,significantly higher than the national residents’infectious disease prevention and control level in 2019,but 121(43.21%)overestimated their cognition of COVID-19.The healthcare workers living in cities(OR=2.631)had higher objective cognition level.There were 46 healthcare workers(16.43%)with good preventive behavior,which was lower than the national residents’healthy lifestyle and behavioral literacy level in2019.Compared with master’s degree OR above,those with bachelor’s degree/junior college degree(OR=6.077),senior high school OR below(OR=2.914)had higher levels of preventive behavior.58 healthcare workers(20.71%)developed anxiety during the epidemic.There was no statistically significant difference in anxiety between groups of different characteristics(all P>0.05).There was a positive correlation between objective cognition and behavior(r=0.300,P<0.01).Anxiety has no correlation with objective cognition(r=0.047,P=0438)、and behavior(r=-0.074,P=0.214).3.Cognition,behavior and anxiety of public with COVID-19177 of the public(19.37%)had good objective cognition,which was basically the same as the national residents’infectious disease prevention and control level in 2019,but 408 of the public(44.64%)overestimated their cognition of COVID-19.Male(OR=1.349),those who paid close attention to information about COVID-19(OR=4.323),and those who had no difficulty in judging information(OR=1.774)were more likely to overestimate their cognition of COVID-19.There were 128 of the public(14.00%)with good preventive behavior,which was lower than the national residents’healthy lifestyle and behavioral literacy level in2019.Those who had no symptoms(OR=9.737),overestimated cognition(OR=2.497),and good objective cognition(OR=6.258)had higher levels of preventive behavior.232 of the public(25.38%)developed anxiety during the epidemic.People with general or poor health status(OR=2.687)(OR=4.798),excessive fever/fatigue/cough and other symptoms(OR=0.380),and difficulty in judging information(OR=1.565)were more likely to anxiety.There was negative correlation between public anxiety and behavior(r=-0.074,P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between objective cognition and behavior(r=-0.318,P<0.01).There was no correlation between anxiety and objective cognition(r=-0.011,P=0.739).4.Comparison of cognition,behavior and anxiety of COVID-19 in three groupsThere were statistical differences in objective cognition(c~2=55.188,P<0.0012),preventive behavior(c~2=24.384,P<0.001)and anxiety(c~2=18.421,P<0.001)among the three groups.Conclusion:The objective cognition level of COVID-19 in three groups was higher than the national residents’infectious disease prevention and control level in 2019(19.21%),suggesting that the occurrence of the epidemic may have strengthened individuals’perception of the threat of disease and promoted individuals to pay more attention to the study of disease-related knowledge.However,all groups were not fully aware of the COVID-19,and there was a phenomenon of self-overestimation.The COVID-19 preventive behaviors of the three groups were all poor,significantly lower than the national residents’healthy lifestyle and behavioral literacy level of in 2019(19.48%),among which the level of preventive behaviors of healthcare workers was higher,while the level of preventive behaviors of college students and the general public was lower.Basic prevention behaviors are well mastered,and comprehensive prevention methods are lacking.The ability to transform cognition into behavior needs to be further improved.Three groups had different degrees of anxiety problems,compared with college students and healthcare workers,the public anxiety was more serious.Three groups had different cognition,preventive behavior and anxiety influencing factors,and the ability to obtain and screen health information needs to be improved.Health education should be strengthened for those who have difficulty in judging health information,and psychological intervention and health guidance should be emphasized for those with physical problems such as exposure risk or disease symptoms.