Study On The Influencing Factors Of Sarcopenia In The Elderly Based On The Structural Equation Model

Objective:To study 526 community elderly people in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia.Through physiological index measurement and questionnaire survey,the people with sarcopenia were screened,the physical and mental health status of sarcopenia was analyzed,and the structural equation model was used to determine the nature and degree of the factors affecting sarcopenia in the elderly,so as to provide theoretical reference for improving the quality of life of sarcopenia and preventing the occurrence of sarcopenia.Methods:Survey subjects:526 elderly people over 60 years old in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia,92 sarcopenic patients were screened out according to the sarcopenic diagnostic criteria,and the subjects were divided into sarcopenic group and non-sarcopenic group.Test indicators:through the height meter,sphygmomanometer,spirometer tester,body composition tester,arteriosclerosis detector,ultrasound bone density meter,electronic grip meter test subjects height,weight,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,body mass index,body fat rate,protein content,total muscle mass,skeletal muscle mass,bone density T,bone density Z,pulse wave conduction velocity,quiet heart rate,vital capacity,grip strength and other physiological factors.Questionnaire:through the general data questionnaire,Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale,Chinese version of the Nutrition Form for the Elderly,Geriatric Depression Scale,Social Support Rate Scale,Pittsburgh sleep quality index,collect the basic situation of the elderly,sports function,nutrition,depression,social support and sleep quality related data.SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used to analyze and compare the differences between the paired T test and chi-square test;AMOS 25.0 software was used to construct the structural equation model of the model fit,and make quantitative and qualitative description of the influencing factors,and further compare the differences of sarcopenia through group analysis.Results:（1）Of the 526 subjects,a total of 92 elderly people with sarcopenia were detected,with a prevalence of 17.5%and 17.6%and 17.3%,respectively.（2）From the demographic analysis of the respondents,the sarcopenic group was older,more people living alone,and less educated compared with the non-sarcopenic group（P<0.05）.（3）Physiological indicators:compared with the non-sarcopenia group,the sarcopenia group had higher blood pressure,body fat rate and arteriosclerosis,but BMI,protein content,total muscle mass,skeletal muscle mass,skeletal muscle mass index,bone density and lung capacity were relatively low（P<0.01）.（4）Disease history:Compared with the non-sarcopenia group,the sarcopenia group had more cardiovascular disease,endocrine system disease,orthopedic disease,cancer or tumor（P<0.01）,and had a large number of memory loss,vision loss,hearing loss and falls（P<0.05）.（5）Living habits:Compared with the non-sarcopenia group,the number of sarcopenia group had smoking habits,and the number of people with regular physical examination habits and participated in hobby activities was small（P<0.05）.（6）Motor function:compared with the non-sarcopenia group,the sarcopenia group had lower total scores in motor function,pain,social activity,and mental health status（P<0.01）,and poor motor function.（7）Nutritional status:Compared with the non-sarcopenia group,the sarcopenia group had lower scores in diet history,nutrition-related health problems,overall assessment,and questionnaire total score dimensions（P<0.05）,and had a higher risk of malnutrition.（8）Mental health:compared with non-sarcopenia group,sarcopenia group poor sleep quality,sleep quality,sleep time,sleep time,sleep efficiency,hypnotic dimension score and total score is lower（P<0.01）,higher risk of depression,depression score（P<0.01）,poor social support,subjective support,objective support,utilization of support dimension score is low（P<0.01）.（9）The results of the structural equation model show that sarcopenia is taken as the endogenous latent variable,and motor function is used as the exogenous latent variable,and mental health and nutritional status are used as the intermediary variables to meet the research criteria:χ~2=272.285,χ~2/df=1.865,RMSEA=0.041,GFI=0.936,AGFI=0.908,RMR=0.746,NFI=0.853,TLI=0.906,CFI=0.925,PGFI=0.651,PNFI=0.685,PCFI=0.742.Exercise function（Std=0.779,P<0.01）,nutritional status（Std=0.319,P<0.05）,mental health（Std=0.586,P<0.01）can directly affect sarcopenia,and motor function can also be indirectly affected by nutritional status（Std=0.579,P<0.001）（Std=0.742,P<0.001）.（10）The sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia group model had a significant difference in the four paths（absolute value of T>1.96）:in the paths from sports function to sarcopenia,nutritional status to sarcopenia;in the paths from motor function to mental health,motor function to nutritional status.Conclusion:（1）The prevalence of sarcopenia in the elderly in Hohhot community was high,with no significant difference between men and women.（2）Patients with mycopenia are inferior to non-mycopenia patients in terms of physiological function indicators,motor function assessment,nutritional status,sleep quality,social support,and so on,and their disease history and depression are relatively serious.（3）Exercise function,nutritional status and mental health are the main influencing factors of sarcopenia.Exercise function has a direct impact on sarcopenia,and it can indirectly affect sarcopenia through nutritional status and mental health.（4）The improvement of exercise function and nutrition of the elderly with sarcopenia is conducive to improving the disease situation of sarcopenia,and the improvement of exercise function of non-sarcopenia is conducive to preventing the occurrence of sarcopenia.