A Study On The Central Cholera Bureau (1930-1936)

The establishment of the League of Nations Ministry of Health and the establishment of the Nanjing Nationalist Government health system provided the foundation and political guarantee for the international cooperation of the Central Cholera Bureau,while the National Quarantine Service provided the organization and talent support for the Bureau.The development process of the Central Cholera Bureau has obvious stages: during its establishment in 1930 and early 1931,it carried out some publicity and pathogen research,but it was sporadic and lacked of cooperation and organization.In 1932,the materialization stage,the establishment of the propaganda committee and the epidemiology committee changed the Central Cholera Bureau from a relatively loose organization to an orderly entity.From 1933 to 1936,the cooperation contents and forms of various institutions in the Central Cholera Bureau were basically fixed,and the specific work was basically carried out around the two committees mentioned above.While achieving certain achievements,there were certain limitations.In this paper,the Central Cholera Bureau is investigated in the historical background of Nanjing Nationalist Government,and two basic views are obtained.Firstly,Nanjing National Government has certain ability to integrate public health resources of Shanghai and conduct international public health research.The active participation of public health knowledge bureaucrats in international academic seminars is a reflection of Nanjing National Government’s intention to improve its international status and influence by participating in international public health seminars.Secondly,the dual dilemma faced by Nanjing Nationalist Government in politics and economy is the main reason that the Central Cholera Bureau is inborn and insufficiently developed.And the fact that the Central Cholera Bureau only has the name of "central government" without the reality of "central government" is a true portrayal of the weak centralization of the Nanjing National Government.A review of the history of the Central Cholera Bureau shows that the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases requires the government to play a leading role,and the important conditions for the implementation of strong prevention and treatment measures are national unity,social prosperity and popular unity.Although the prevention measures and effects of the Central Cholera Bureau are limited,it still has certain reference significance for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases today.