Association Between Fish And Offal Consumption And Urinary Arsenic,Cadmium,Lead And Molybdenum Levels During Pregnancy

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between fish and offal consumption and urinary arsenic(U-As),cadmium(U-Cd),lead(U-Pb)and molybdenum(U-Mo)among pregnant women,and to detect urinary metals whether are associated with dietary determinants focusing on fish and offal consumption.Methods: The study population was consisted of 1622 pregnant women who had been involved in the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort(TMCHC).Participants provided complete urine sample,answered demographic indicators and semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ).The urine samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Principal component analysis(PCA)was used to identify potential underlying patterns of 4 elements concentrations in urine.The associations between consumptions of fish and offal and urinary metals concentration were further evaluated by multiple linear regression.Results: The proportion of subjects with age ≤ 28 is 57.83%,>28 is 42.17%.the normal BMI(18.5-24.0)proportion is 69.91%.60.35% subjects had bachelor degree or above.The proportion of passive smoking is 12.33%.1415(87.24%)pregnant women had fish consumption,207(12.76%)without fish consumption.649(40.01%)pregnant women had offal consumption,973(59.99%)were not.The median intake of fish consumption was 200.08 g/week,including freshwater fish 150.00 g/week,salty fish 0.00 g/week,crab 0.15 g/week,mollusk 0.15g/week,seaweed 0.15 g/week.The median intake of offal was 0.00 g/week.The median concentration of 4 metals As,Cd,Pb,Mo in urine was 46.47 μg/g Cr、0.75 μg/g Cr、1.97 μg/g Cr、89.58 μg/g Cr.The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the U-As concentration of pregnant women elevated with the increase of fish consumption.The median of U-Cd and U-Pb concentrations differed by offal consumption without uptrends.PCA and multiple linear regression showed that the first pattern positively associated biological markers,comprising U-As,U-Cd,U-Mo,reflecting mollusk intake(β: 0.05,95%CI: 3.72,49.69).U-As concentration positively associated with salted fish intake(β: 0.11,95%CI: 0.06,0.15).U-Pb concentration negatively associated with algae intake(β:-0.05,95%CI:-0.17,-0.00).Offal consumption had no statistically significant effect on four elements factor scores.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the significance of fish as a source of both essential nutrient Mo and concurrent toxic elements As,Cd,Pb and urine metals concentrations reflect fish intake.The concentrations of elements in urine have no increased with increasing offal consumption for 20-50 per week,which shows that offal intake during pregnancy was not associated with toxic elements absorption.