Evaluation Of Whole Plant Forsythia Suspensa From Different Regions Based On Differences In Active Components

With the market demand of Forsythia suspensa resources increasing year by year,the quality of Forsythia suspensa products circulating in the market has become a problem that can not be ignored.The chemical composition of Forsythia suspensa leaves,Forsythia suspensa flowers and Forsythia suspensa fruit is quite similar.The leaves and flowers of Forsythia suspensa are rich in active components,which can only be sold as an agricultural product in some markets of the main production regions of Forsythia suspensa,its value needs further research and development;the content of the main active components in green Forsythia suspensa(GF)and ripe Forsythia suspensa(RF)from different regions are significantly different,leading to uneven quality of Forsythia suspensa products in circulation on the market.Therefore,the establishment of a perfect quality evaluation system of whole plant Forsythia suspensa is very important for the rational development and utilization of its resources.In order to provide scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of Forsythia suspensa resources,this study focus on Forsythia suspensa leaves,Forsythia suspensa flowers,GF and RF from different regions as the research object,and uses chromatographic detection techniques and chemometric methods to evaluate the samples from different regions.(1)The content of 6 active components including rutin,hyperoside,forsythiaside A,forsythin,oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in 28 batches of Forsythia suspensa leaves and flowers were determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry technology(LC-MS),the results were analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA).The results showed that the linear relationship of 6 active components in Forsythia suspensa leaves and flowers was good(r=0.9994～0.9997),RSD of precision,stability and repeatability was less than 3%,the recovery rate was 97.2%～104.1%,RSD was 1.15%～1.86%.In the same region,the content of forsythin and forsythiaside A in Forsythia suspensa leaves was basically higher than that in Forsythia suspensa flowers,the content of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in 28 batches of Forsythia suspensa leaves and flowers was higher,the content of ursolic acid was higher than oleanolic acid,the content of 6active components in Forsythia suspensa leaves of Shanxi Linfen,Shaanxi Xi’an and Forsythia suspensa flowers of Henan Luanchuan were higher;the results of principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive evaluation of Forsythia suspensa leaves in Shanxi Linfen,Shaanxi Xi’an and Henan Xinyang were better;the comprehensive evaluation of Forsythia suspensa flowers in Henan Luanchuan,Shandong Pingyi and Shandong Rizhao were better.(2)The content of 5 active components including rutin,forsythiaside A,forsythin,oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in 13 batches of Forsythia suspensa were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),the results were analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster analysis(CA).The results showed that the linear relationship of 5 active components was good(r=0.9993～0.9997).The RSD of precision,stability and repeatability was less than 2%;the recovery rate was97.6%～102.3% and RSD was 1.15%～1.84%.The content of rutin,forsythiaside A and forsythin in Henan Xinyang GF was the highest,the content of these 3 active components in GF was higher than RF in the same region;PCA showed the comprehensive evaluation of Henan Xinyang GF and Anhui Lu’an GF were better;cluster analysis divides 13 batches of Forsythia suspensa samples into 4 categories,according to the region of Forsythia suspensa and the picking time of GF and RF.(3)The gas chromatography mass spectrometry technology(GC-MS)was used to analyze the components of volatile oil in GF and RF from different regions.The results indicated that 54 compounds were identified,among which there were 12 common compounds,alkenes and alcohols were the more abundant components in volatile oil,at the same time,α-pinene and β-pinene accounted for a higher proportion in the identified compounds.Principal component analysis(PCA)of 12 common compounds in the volatile oil revealed 3 principal components(PC1,PC2 and PC3)explained 77.24%of the total variance,PCA showed that the comprehensive evaluation of Hubei Wuhan RF,Shaanxi Luonan RF and Anhui Lu’an RF were better;the samples based on the scores of PC1 and PC2 were divided into 3 categories,RF in the samples were clustered together.Cluster analysis(CA)based on 54 compounds divided the samples into 4categories,CA can also distinguish GF and RF in the samples.No matter the principal component analysis of 12 common compounds or the cluster analysis of 54 identified compounds,the GF and RF in the samples can be distinguished.The development and utilization of RF as raw material were preferred based on the systematic analysis of volatile oil components in different productive regions and harvest periods.