| Bladder cancer is a common malignancy of the human urinary system with anextremely high incidence and postoperative recurrence rate.Currently,cystoscopy and tissue biopsy are the gold standards for bladder cancer diagnosis,while these processes bring great pains to patients due to its high invasiveness.Recently,non-invasive liquid biopsy has been used for disease screening by detecting biomarkers in various body fluids,which provides new ideas for early clinical diagnosis.As we know,bladder is a human organ with urine storage capability and the occurrence and development of bladder cancer is closely relevant to the components of urine.In this regard,bladder cancer urine diagnosis would bring hope for non-invasive early-stage bladder cancer diagnosis.However,the achievement of high-sensitive and specific detection is seriously hindered by the extremely low biomarker content in urine and the high background signals.Besides,currently developed liquid biopsy diagnosis methods mainly rely on the detection of a single biomarker,significantly limiting the diagnosis accuracy.To this end,the development of an efficient approach to enable simultaneous and sensitive detection of multiple bladder tumor biomarkers is extremely necessary to realize early-stage and accurate diagnosis of bladder cancer.The development of nano-biosensor brings hope for bladder cancer liquid biopsy.FET-based sensors have been extensively investigated in recent years,exhibiting excellent sensing performance such as high sensitivity,ultra-fast response,and low detection limit.Particularly,by controlling the materials synthesis and device fabrication processes,a FET sensor array with multi-channel sensing units that is capable of detecting multiple biomarkers could be constructed to increase the diagnostic accuracy.Among the nanomaterials used to build FET biosensors,molybdenum disulfide（Mo S2）exhibits excellent electrical properties including a direct bandgap,an excellent on/off ratio and high carrier mobilities.Mo S2-based FET biosensors could achieve high sensitivity and high accuracy for rapid detection of biomarkers.In this paper,we have constructed a Mo S2 nanosheets-based FET sensor array for simultaneous detection of two type of bladder cancer biomarkers in human urine.The main contents are as follows:（1）The morphology and structure of Mo S2 nanosheets prepared by chemical vapor deposition（CVD）method were characterized and the Mo S2 FET arrays were prepared to explore their electrical characteristics.The experimental results indicated that the triangular Mo S2 nanosheets with good uniformity were composed of two stacked Mo S2 layers,and the FET arrays prepared using them exhibited excellent electrical properties such as high carrier mobilities and an acceptable current on/off ratio,which is of great significance for the construction of highly sensitive FET biosensors.（2）Mo S2 FET arrays were functionalized with two specific recognition molecules to construct Mo S2 FET sensor arrays.Two types of bladder cancer biomarkers nuclear matrix protein 22（NMP22）and cytokeratin 8（CK8）were specifically and quantitatively detected by Mo S2 FET sensor arrays.The experimental results indicated that the Mo S2 FET sensor array exhibits extremely low detection limits and a wide linear sensing range for NMP22 and CK8.Furthermore,this highly sensitive and specific Mo S2 FET sensor array could be used to identify bladder cancer biomarkers from human urine samples,effectively distinguishing bladder cancer patients from healthy donors. |
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