MiRNAs As A Potential Biomarker In Nipple Discharge

Background:Breast Cancer has been emerging as a havoc for not only women but also for men.Early stage breast cancer screening and detection are necessary to enhance survival of patient and reducing the cost of diagnosis.Nipple discharge is a habitually complaint among women and is regularly the primary sign of a basic breast pathology.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)have important roles in gene regulation,in post transcriptional gene silencing and in many more other mechanisms.Recent evidence indicates significant involvement of miRNAs in the initiation and progression of various malignancies specially breast cancer.MiRNAs play roles in cancer proliferation,metastasis,and also could serve as biomarkers.Many miRNAs have been involved in various cancer pathways.The goal of this research is to examine the expression and mechanisms of miRNAs in nipple discharge.Material and methods:Twenty samples were collected,including six colostrum samples from primiparae(M),seven nipple discharge samples from benign tumor patients(T)and seven nipple discharge samples from breast cancer patients(C).The expression of miNRAs was observed through microarray.Bio informatics analyses were performed to check their pathway in breast cancer.Putative targeted genes miRNAs were anticipated by using TargetScan,miRDB and mirWalk databases.These target genes were additionally analyzed by GO(gene ontology)term enrichment analysis mainly focused on molecular,biological and cellular information.KEGG pathway analyses were performed using DIANA miRPath to check their targeted genes involvement in biological pathways and cancer pathways.Results:Final result of microarray shows that there were 252 up-regulated and 141 down-regulated miRNAs in T vs M comparison,90 up-regulated and 187 down-regulated miRNAs in C vs M comparison,90 up-regulated and 207 down-regulated miRNAs in C_T vs M comparison,and 55 upregulated and 224 downregulated miRNAs in C vs T are examined.Five miRNAs(miR-628-3p,-513b-5p,-1284,-3667-5p and-4299)were identified as downregulated in nipple discharge patients.Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that miR-628-3p,-513b-5p,-1284,-3667-5p and-4299 contain 199,625,366,188 and 345 target genes respectively.GO analysis results disclosed that putative genes as target were remarkably took part in various biological,molecular and cellular procedures.Biological pathway analysis showed that the genes that are involved in 20 different biological pathways.The final result gave a detailed understanding biological and molecular function of miR-628-3p,-513b-5p,-1284,-3667-5p and-4299 and it will support future research.Conclusion:Advanced techniques used in research have revolutionized the disease diagnosis.The specificity of miRNA in breast cancer tells us that by analyzing these 20-22 bp components we can detect the anomalies and even find a better cure.The innovative method of microarray revealed that miRNAs may be used as cancer biomarker in the screening of breast cancer.Downregulation of miRNA in nipple discharge may act as an indicator of breast cancer.These miRNA interactions and analysis have a promising future in disease diagnosis and therapeutics.