Clinical Characteristics And Pathogenic Bacteria Analysis Of Tinea Capitis In Jilin Area From 2019 To 2020

Background:Tinea capitis(TC)is a kind of superficial fungal infection which is infectious and harmful to children’s physical and mental health.Tinea capitis was prevalent in China before liberation.In recent years,the incidence of tinea capitis has increased as a result of changes in mode of production,pet ownership,population movements,and regional differences,the clinical characteristics and main pathogenic bacteria of tinea capitis in different areas have also changed.Therefore,the study of tinea capitis clinical characteristics and distribution of pathogenic bacteria is of great significance for the early diagnosis,timely treatment and reduce the incidence of tinea capitis.Objective:To study the clinical characteristics of tinea capitis and the species,composition and distribution of pathogenic bacteria in Jilin area is of great significance in guiding the clinical treatment and improving the curative effect,at the same time,the research results will provide an important basis for formulating guidelines for the prevention and treatment of tinea capitis in China.Method:The clinical data and fungal culture results of 55 tinea capitis patients from August 2019 to December 2020 in the Dermatology Department of The Second Hospital of Jilin University were analyzed,patients with tinea capitis who meet the criteria for admission can be enrolled into the group,and the written informed consent of the patients can be obtained by filling in the basic information and clinical conditions of the selected patients according to the form designed by the national multi-regional and multi-center investigation and research on etiology,microscopic examination and culture of the fungus are performed,wood light and/or dermoscopy are performed if necessary,and skin lesions are photographed and photographs are preserved in patients with typical lesions.The hair or scalp scales were inoculated on the sabot culture medium containing chloramphenicol and actinomycodone,and cultured at 25℃ ～ 28℃ for 2 ～ 4 weeks,it was then sent to the Peking University First Hospital for final species identification using DNA sequencing(Bispin kit for genomic DNA extraction from dermatophytes),the test results are the final result of the study(some strains have been identified by the fungus laboratory of The Second Hospital of Jilin University).Finally,SPSS26.0(statistical product and service solution software)was used to analyze and compare the data of patients and the results of fungi identification.Results:1.A total of 55 cases of tinea capitis were collected.There were 34 males and 21 females,the ratio of male to female was 1.62:1.The male prevalence rate was higher than the female prevalence rate.Except one case of 27-year-old adult female,the others were aged from 2 to 16 years old,the average age was 8.22 ± 4.41 years old.There were more patients in 3-7 years old pre-school age group and 7-12 years old school age group,accounting for 78% of the total number of tinea capitis patients.2.The disease course ranged from 0.5 to 14 months,with an average of3.80 ± 3.43 months.3.There were 44 cases with a definite history of animal contact,accounting for 82% of the total number of people.The species of contact animals were mainly cats,followed by dogs.4.Clinical types: 34 cases(62%)of white ringworm,21 cases(38%)of kerion.White ringworm is the most common in this study,followed by kerio.No black-dot ringworm,tinea favosa.5.A total of 40 strains of pathogenic fungi were isolated,the positive rate was 73%,including 38 strains of Microsporum canis,which accounted for 95% of the total,and2 strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes,which accounted for 5% of the total.Conclusion:1.The average age of tinea capitis patients in Jilin area is 8.22± 4.41 years old.There are more people in 3-7 years old pre-school age group and 7-12 years old school age group,suggesting that the incidence of tinea capitis is the highest in children.2.The duration of tinea capitis in Jilin area ranged from 0.5 to 14 months,with an average of 3.80 ± 3.43 months.Compared with other superficial fungal diseases,such as onychomycosis,Tinea pedis,the duration of the disease was significantly shortened,indicating that patients and their families have a strong awareness of the overall consultation.3.Most patients with tinea capitis in Jilin area have a clear history of contact with animals,suggesting that animal transmission has gradually replaced human-to-human transmission,becoming the most common transmission route of tinea capitis in Jilin area.4.The most common clinical type of tinea capitis in Jilin area is white ringworm,followed by kerion,while black-dot ringworm and tinea favosa are rare.5.The main pathogens of tinea capitis in Jilin area are Microsporum Canis,followed by trichophyton mentagrophytes.The species composition of tinea capitis is obviously different from that of Jilin province in the late1990 s.