| Objective:The incidence of hearing impairment remains high,and congenital inner ear malformations,one of its main causes,has been plagued by clinicians.In the process of human development,the morphological evolution process between 5-12 weeks is the most varied and sensitive to external stimuli,which is often an important period leading to various congenital malformations.In recent years,the development of imaging equipment and the emergence of digital medicine have continuously improved the capabilities of medical image processing and clinical applications.Therefore,this study uses serial slices of embryos at different ages to construct a three-dimensional reconstruction and data analysis of the eardrum labyrinth during the embryo.At the same time,collect congenital inner ear malformations and other MR inner ear water imaging data,compare and analyze the reconstruction results with three-dimensional models of different embryonic stages,and study and explore the relevance of embryonic membrane labyrinth development to the occurrence of clinical diseases.Methods:In this study,6 cases(approximately 7,8,9,10,12,16 weeks old)selected from the embryonic tissue section library were used for serial paraffin sections of embryonic tissues.After HE staining,the digital slice scanner 3D HISTECH was used for high-definition digitalization(TIFF).Format)processing.In addition,7 cases of inner ear MR water imaging data(DICOM format)were selected,including 1 case with normal inner ear structure and 6 cases with different inner ear structure deformities.The image data of embryos and patients shall be reconstructed by three-dimensional visualization software such as Amira 6.0.1,Mimics 21.0,etc.,and the included angle of the membranous labyrinth(TFA)and the included angle of the cochlea and vestibular part(CVA)shall be measured for all the reconstructed models.),the angle between the lateral semicircular canal and the horizontal plane of the skull(LSSHA),the angle between the anterior semicircular canal and the posterior semicircular canal(APSA),the angle between the posterior semicircular canal and the lateral semicircular canal(PLSA),the angle between the anterior semicircular canal and the lateral semicircular canal(ALSA),Cochlear tube rotation number(CS),vestibular vertical diameter(VVD),distance from cochlear base to parietal rotation(CBTRD),the measurement method adopts the Measure-Distance/Angle function in Mimics 21.0,and the measurement data is summarized in table form.Results:1.Obtain 2937 images of 6 sets of human embryo slices,the total capacity of the images is 1.34 TB,the data and capacity of membrane labyrinth reconstruction are: 7weeks(128 sheets/35GB),8 weeks(145 sheets/58GB),9 weeks(175 sheets/42GB),10 weeks(159 sheets/63GB),12 weeks(102 sheets/47GB)and 16 weeks(302sheets/362GB).The two-dimensional image of human embryos obtained was used to successfully reconstruct the labyrinth structure of the inner ear membrane.The measured TFA continued to decrease from 157.36° for 7-week-old embryos to 150.58°for 16-week-old embryos.CVA was 130.15° at 7 weeks.This angle was gradually reduced during embryonic development,and the incursion angle was reduced to112.73° at 16 weeks.LSSHA was 44.61° at 7 weeks,and with embryo development,it changed to14.01° at 16 weeks.Among the three semicircular canals of the membrane labyrinth of all embryos,except for the anterior and lateral semicircular canals of 9-week and12-week-old embryos,the rest are always in a state where the three semicircular canals are perpendicular to each other.The cochlear duct develops into a 0.5-turn spiral at 7weeks,and is completed at 12 weeks into a 2.5-turn spiral.At 9 weeks,the rotation of the cochlear tube started to be out of the same plane.The measured CBTRD was0.178 mm,and the height of the cochlea reached 2.595 mm at 16 weeks.2.Select 7 cases of inner ear MR water imaging data of the inner ear from the imaging center of the affiliated hospital and teaching hospital for 3D reconstruction of the membrane labyrinth.The 3D reconstruction results show that the forms of the membrane labyrinth are: normal membrane labyrinth,vestibular enlargement with lateral semicircular canal fusion,semicircular canal hypoplasia Cochlear hypoplasia,enlargement of the vestibule with widening of the vestibular aqueduct and endolymphatic sac communicated with the total foot,undeveloped cochlea,undeveloped semicircular canal,and common cavity deformity.Measured normal membrane labyrinth morphology TFA: 121.36°,CVA: 104.61°,LSSHA: 15.17°,VVD:3.16 mm,CBTRD: 4.09 mm,and the three semicircular canals are all 90° with each other;vestibular enlargement with lateral semicircular canal fusion TFA: 121.88 °,CVA: 106.37°,LSSHA cannot measure(ND),VVD: 6.10 mm,CBTRD: 4.26 mm,APSA: 90°,ALSA and PLSA: ND;semicircular canal hypoplasia with cochlear hypoplasia TFA: ND,CVA: 103.50°,LSSHA: ND,VVD: 2.05 mm,CBTRD: ND,the angle between the three semicircular canals ND;vestibular enlargement with vestibular aqueduct and endolymphatic sac widening and communicating with the total foot TFA: 118.75°,CVA:108.29°,LSSHA : 14.82°,VVD: 5.56 mm,CBTRD: 4.58 mm,and the three semicircular canals are all at 90° to each other;cochlear undeveloped TFA: 122.14°,CVA: ND,LSSHA: 15.94°,VVD: 3.27 mm,CBTRD: ND;semicircular canal Immature TFA: ND,CVA: 160.27°,LSSHA: ND,VVD: ND,CBTRD: ND,the angle between the three semicircular canals ND;all related anatomical values of common cavity deformity are ND.Conclusion:1.Through three-dimensional reconstruction,the morphology and positional relationship of the labyrinth of the embryonic membrane at 7 to 16 weeks are visually displayed.Relevant anatomical data reflects that during development,the total foot angle gradually decreases,the position of the cochlear tube gradually approaches the inside of the vestibule,and the position of the entire inner ear structure rotates at a certain angle.2.The total foot angle and the inflection angle of the vestibular part of the cochlear duct continue to decrease in the later stage of the embryo.The overall position of the inner ear also changes in the later stage of the embryo,and the structural angles and the position of the inner ear will no longer continue after birth.The rise and fall of sex indicates that the shape of the inner ear no longer changes after birth.3.Vestibular cystic enlargement with lateral semicircular canal fusion occurs at the end of the 6th week.Lateral semicircular canal development stops;semicircular canal hypoplasia occurs at 6-7 weeks;cochlear duct hypoplasia is 7-12 weeks developmental obstruction;vestibular aqueduct enlarges at 5-7 weeks Distortion may occur within weeks;when common cavity deformity is accompanied by semicircular canal hypoplasia,it involves two stages of growth arrest at 6-7 weeks and 7-8 weeks. |
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