Application Of Medical Popular Science Education Based On Knowledge Attitude And Practice Theory In Rural Hypertension Patients

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate and analyze the influencing factors on knowledge,attitude and practice status among hypertensive patients in rural areas,and explore the application effects of medical popular science education based on the theory of knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP),laying a practical foundation for enriching the health education work in rural hypertensive patients.Methods(1)Using convenience sampling method,30 rural medical institutions in rural areas of Hengyang were selected.According to the random number table method,280 hypertensive patients who have established health records and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected as subjects.Their knowledge,attitude,and behavior levels were grasped from the "General Information Questionnaire" and "Hypertension Knowledge,Attitude and Behavior Questionnaire".(2)Based on the survey results,referring to literature,the members of the health education team finally determined the major prevention and treatment science work standards including basic knowledge of hypertension,treatment and management,healthy lifestyle,misunderstandings of knowledge and so on.At the same time,we produced a series of hypertension science manual,videos,books,prevention and control demonstration boards,etc.(3)Eighty patients who were from a rural medical institution and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected as the research objects.They were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group,with 40 patients in each group.Patients in the control group received routine health service health education,while patients in the intervention group received extra medical popular science education based on the KAP theory.After 12 weeks intervention,the levels of KAP,health education satisfaction,blood pressure control and BMI were compared between the two groups,and the application effect was evaluated.SPSS25.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data.Using mean ± standard deviation,median and quartile,rate or constituent ratio for statistical description.Single factor analysis,multivariate analysis,Pearson correlation analysis,two independent samples t-tests,approximate t-tests,paired t-tests,nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for statistical analysis.Test level α=0.05(bilateral).Results(1)The knowledge score of rural hypertensive patients was 3～19points,with an average score of(8.61±3.00)points,and the pass rate was25.36%.The score of attitude was 0～6 points,with an average score of(2.70±1.32)points,and the pass rate was 26.07%.The score of behavior was1～15 points,with an average score of(7.07±2.77)points,and the pass rate was 41.07%.(2)The results of univariate analysis showed that the patient’s age,education level,monthly income,payment method,family history,hypertension grade,and disease course have an impact on the knowledge score of hypertensive patients;age,education level,occupation,monthly income,family history,the grade and course of hypertension have an impact on the attitude score;gender,age,education level,occupation,monthly income,family history,grade of hypertension,and course of disease have an impact on the behavioral score,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that age,education level,monthly income,family history,hypertension grade,and course of disease were the main factors affecting knowledge score.Age,education level,family history,and course of disease were the main factors affecting attitude score.Gender,age,education level,hypertension grade,and course of disease were the main factors affecting behavior score.(3)Before the intervention,the general demographic data,knowledge scores,belief scores,and behavior scores of the two groups of hypertensive Results patients were not have no statistical difference(P>0.05).(4)After 3 months of intervention,the effect of the intervention group was significantly better than that of the control group,there was a statistical significant difference between the two groups of patients in terms of the scores of hypertension related knowledge,attitude and behavior,health education satisfaction,blood pressure and BMI(P<0.05).The self-comparison of the two groups before and after the intervention showed that the knowledge score of the control group was increased,and the systolic blood pressure was decreased,with statistically significant difference(P < 0.05);the knowledge,attitude and behavior scores of the intervention group were increased,and the blood pressure and BMI levels were decreased,with statistically significant difference(P < 0.05).Conclusions(1)The knowledge,attitude,and behavior of hypertensive patients in rural areas are at a relatively low level.Age,education level,course of disease,monthly income,family history and hypertension classification are the main factors affecting patients’ knowledge level.Age,education level,course of disease and family history are the main factors affecting patients’ attitude level.Age,education level,course of disease,hypertension classification and gender are the main factors affecting patients’ behavior level.Knowledge is positively correlated with attitude and behavior,attitude is positively correlated with behavior.(2)The medical popular science education based on KAP theory can improve the knowledge,attitude,and behavior of hypertensive patients in rural areas,and improve the blood pressure and BMI control level of hypertensive patients.