| Objective:To investigate the change characteristics of 1,5-anhydroglucitol(1,5-AG)in body fluids of diabetic hyperglycemia rabbits,and whether 1,5-AG would degrade with time after death,so as to provide a basis for forensic pathological identification of diabetic death.Method:Aloxan(ALX)and streptozotocin(STZ)inducers were used to establish the diabetic rabbit model,and the advantages and disadvantages of the two drugs were compared.Eighteen diabetic hyperglycemic rabbits(experimental group)with fasting glucose concentration greater than 20mmol/L and 18 healthy rabbits(control group)with fasting glucose concentration less than 6.1mmol/L were selected.Pancreas and kidneys were taken immediately after death,fixed with formalin,and pathological sections were made to observe the pathological changes of pancreas and kidneys in diabetic hyperglycemia rabbits.The vitreous humor of rabbits were collected at 0h,12h,24h and 36h,respectively.The concentration of 1,5-AG in the vitreous humor of rabbits was determined by ELISA.All experimental data were analyzed by SPAA20.0,and P<0.05 was taken as statistical difference.Result:After 4 weeks,the body weight of STZ/ALX group(1.94±0.16Kg;1.89±0.21Kg)was significantly lower than the initial body weight(2.34±0.20 Kg;2.29±0.15Kg),and fasting blood glucose(9.35±1.14mmol/l;27.13±2.30mmol/l)was significantly higher than initial blood glucose(4.93±0.37mmol/l;5.02±0.15mmol/l).After 4 weeks,the STZ group had a survival rate of 65%,and the ALX group had a survival rate of 90%,and the ALX group had a mortality rate of 10%.Compared with the control group,the pancreatic immunohistochemistry group showed less chromogenic brown matter and light pigmentation,and the number of β cells was significantly reduced.Compared with the control group,HE,PAS,Masson and PASM staining showed renal interstitial edema,inflammatory cell infiltration,slight thickening of glomerular basement membrane and vacuolar degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells in the experimental group.We found that there were no significant difference between the experimental group and control group in the plasma concentration of 1,5-AG at the time of death(control group:1.316±0.196μg/ml;experimental group:0.920±0.028μg/ml).0-12h groups,at 0h and 12h,the concentration of 1,5-AG in the vitreous humor of rabbits in control groups was 1.362±0.302μg/ml and 1.237±0.304±g/ml,and the experimental groups was 0.985±0.045μg/ml and 0.974±0.06μg/ml,respectively.12-24h groups,at 12h and 24h,the concentration of 1,5-AG in the vitreous humor of the control group was 1.323±0.298μg/ml and 1.243±0.148μg/ml,and experimental group was 0.954±0.03μg/ml and 0.973±0.012μg/ml,respectively.24-36h groups,at 24h and 36h,the concentration ofl,5-AG in the vitreous humor of the control group was11.38±0.184μg/ml and 1.35±0.149μg/ml,and the experimental group was 0.964±0.115μg/ml and 0.975±0.094μg/ml,respectively.We found that the concentration of 1,5-AG in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the concentration of 1,5-AG in the period of 0h、12h、24h、36h(P>0.05).At 0h,the concentration of 1,5-AG in plasma and vitreous humor of control group was 1.37±0.287μg/ml and 1.362±0.302μg/ml,and experimental group was 0.938±0.204μg/ml and 0.985±0.045μg/ml,respectively.There was no significant difference in 1,5-AG concentration between plasma and vitreous humor(P>0.05).In the control group,the plasma blood glucose concentration mean was 5.1±0.4mmol/L(4.5 mmol/L～6.0 mmol/L),and the plasma 1,5-AG concentration mean was 1.321±0.196μg/mL(1.14μg/ml～1.99μg/ml),with 95%confidence interval(1.218,1.414)μg/ml.In the experimental group,the plasma glucose concentration mean was 25.1±3.14mmol/L(20.5 mmol/L～33 mmol/L),and the plasma 1,5-AG concentration mean was 0.92±0.128μg/ml(0.53μg/ml～1.11μg/ml),with 95%confidence interval(0.856,0.984)μg/ml.Correlation analysis showed that plasma 1,5-AG was negatively correlated with blood glucose in both control group and experimental group(control group:r=-0.987,P<0.05;experimental group:r=-0.997,P<0.05).Conclusion:(1)The blood glucose level of experimental animals in the alloxan group increased significantly and was stable.Pathological examination showed that the destruction of pancreatic islet β-cells was obvious,indicating that alloxan was easier to establish a stable diabetic rabbit model;(2)There was no significant difference in the concentration of 1,5-AG between rabbit blood and vitreous humor at the time of death,indicating that vitreous humor could replace blood as an effective test material for 1,5-AG detection.(3)During 36 hours after death,the concentration of 1,5-AG in blood and vitreous humor of rabbits was stable.The concentration of 1,5-AG decreased with the increase of blood glucose and was not affected by the change of postmortem time.(4)The concentration of 1,5-AG in plasma and vitreous body fluid of diabetic rabbits decreased significantly,which can be used as an auxiliary index to evaluate the body blood glucose status of the deceased,and has certain value in the auxiliary diagnosis of forensic pathology for the presence of hyperglycemia in the dead. |
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