Analysis Of Occupational Hazards In A Polyvinyl Chloride Production Enterprise By A Calcium Carbide Method For 3 Years

ObjectiveThrough the occupational health investigation and engineering analysis on the operation site of the enterprise,the production process characteristics,post setting and number of posts,operation mode,occupational-disease-prevention facilities setting and use,personal protective equipment configuration and wearing,etc.Identify,analyze and judge the occupational-disease-inductive factors,and screen out the main occupational-disease-inductive factors.Based on the analysis of the data of regular testing and occupational health examination of occupational-disease-inductive factors in the enterprise,the author describes the contact level of occupational-disease-inductive factors and the early influence relationship between production environment conditions and workers’health.Methods1.Occupational health on-site investigation:Through on-site investigation,understand the company’s position setting,labor staffing,operation methods,the establishment and use of occupational disease hazards protection facilities,the allocation and wearing of personal protection supplies,and so on.2.Engineering analysis method:The analysis of the production process of the company,combined with the use of raw materials,the production of the final product and the use of equipment,identified,analyzed and judged the occupational harmful factors,and selected the main occupational disease hazards.3.Occupational hazard factor test method:Sampling,testing and evaluation of chemical poisons,dust and physical factors existing in the workplace of an enterprise are conducted in accordance with relevant national standards and norms.4.Occupational Health Examination for Workers:Collecting Occupational Health Examination Data for 2013～2016.The inspection project is based on the Technical Specification for Occupational Health Surveillance（GBZ188）.Among them,the inspection indicators for employees in 2013 and new recruits in 2014 and 2015 are mandatory inspection items for occupational health inspection before exposure to corresponding occupational disease hazards.The second and subsequent physical examination items from 2014 to 2016 are mandatory inspection items for occupational health inspections during the period of employment.ResultField investigation found that the enterprise for 24 hours of continuous operation,four shifts three operation system,the protection facilities and personal protective articles for occupational disease hazards in the workplace are basically in accordance with the state regulations;The concentration of chemical toxicants in the occupational environment monitoring of enterprises does not exceed the national exposure limit,and dust or noise in some workplaces exceeds the national exposure limit;The total abnormal detection rate of health inspection during the employees of the company is higher than that of the post（P<0.05）;Male abnormal detection rate is higher than female（P<0.05）;The total abnormal detection rate of liver function,the total abnormal detection rate of blood pressure,the total abnormal detection rate of blood lipid,the total abnormal detection rate of electrocardiogram,the total detection rate of fatty liver,and the total abnormal detection rate of blood routine in the general items of health examination during the period of work are all higher than before the post（P<0.05）;The total abnormal detection rate of liver function,the total abnormal detection rate of blood lipid and the total abnormal detection rate of blood routine during the second health examination were higher than those of the first（P<0.05）;The detection rate of abnormal liver function,abnormal blood pressure and abnormal blood lipid in the general items of health examination before and during the post was higher than that of women（P<0.05）;During the first occupational health examination during the period of service,the abnormal detection rate of male blood routine was higher than that of female（P<0.05）;Abnormal detection rate of male electrocardiogram during the second occupational health examinationand fatty liver detection rate are higher than women（P<0.05）;The detection rates of abnormal liver function,abnormal blood lipids,and abnormal blood pressure were different in different age groups during the two occupational health examinations（P<0.05）;The rate of ultrasonic anomaly detection in the liver of workers exposed to vinyl chloride during two health checks was higher than that of workers not exposed to vinyl chloride（P<0.05）;During the second occupational health examination during the period of service,the detection rate of abnormal liver function and liver ultrasound abnormal detection rate of employees exposed to vinyl chloride were higher than those of the first（P<0.05）;The detection rate of hearing abnormalities in workers with second contact noise during the health check during the job is higher than the first（P<0.05）;The rate of abnormal detection of lung function and abnormal detection of X-ray chest（high KV）during the second contact with dust during the medical examination was lower than that of the first（P<0.05）;The value of FEV 1.0（%）during the second health examination of workers exposed to coal dust,carbide dust,other dust,and PVC dust was lower than that of pre-Post（P<0.05）The value of FEV 1.0（%）during the second health examination of workers exposed to coal dust,carbide dust,other dust,and PVC dust was lower than the first（P<0.05）;The value of FVC（%）for two health checks during the period of exposure to coal dust,carbide dust,other dust,PVC dust and limestone dust was lower than that of the pre-Post（P<0.05）;The second health inspection of FVC（%）during exposure to coal dust,carbide dust,other dust,PVC dust and limestone dust was lower than the first（P<0.05）;The second health check serum ALT during exposure to vinyl chloride was higher than before and during the first job（P<0.05）;The number of white blood cells and platelets during the two periods of exposure to vinyl chloride workers was lower than before（P<0.05）.ConclusionDust and noise are the main occupational hazards of the enterprise.The early lung function damage of the dusty workers can be shown as the decrease of the pulmonary function index FVC,and the decrease of FEV_1.0appears later.The liver function damage of the long-term low-concentration vinyl chloride workers was mainly increased by serum ALT,and the blood system damage was mainly manifested by Leukocyte and thrombocytopenia.