Multimodal Brain Imaging Study Of First-Episode Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a severely disabling mental illness that manifests as a variety of obstacles in perception,thinking,mood and behavior.Its clinical symptoms are divided into negative and positive symptoms,and it is also accompanied by cognitive impairment.Although scholars have been committed to the study of its pathogenesis and treatment and have made certain progress,they still cannot accurately clarify its pathogenesis and provide effective treatment based on diagnostic markers.With the application and development of multimodal brain imaging,more and more studies have shown that there are abnormalities in brain structure and function in patients with schizophrenia.However,there are very few studies on brain structure and function of patients with first-episode drug-free schizophrenia,and there are few reports on the effect evaluation after the implementation of the treatment.Therefore,based on diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI)based on blood oxygen level(BOLD),this article investigates the abnormal structural and functional connectivity of patients with first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia,and the effects of drug therapy on these abnormal areas and connections.The main content of this article includes:1.Exploring the gender differences in the association between white matter abnormalities and cognitive impairment in patients with first-episode drug-free schizophrenia.We first analyzed the difference in white matter abnormalities between first-episode untreated schizophrenia patients and normal controls,and used anisotropy score(FA)to characterize white matter integrity.Then,multiple analysis of variance was used to analyze the interaction effect of gender and diagnosis in the FA difference area,and finally FA abnormalities and cognitive abnormalities and the relationship between the two were analyzed in different gender groups.It is found that there are a wide range of FA abnormalities in early schizophrenia patients.Different FA abnormalities and cognitive abnormalities in schizophrenia patients and the relationship between the two are found in different genders.The FA value in the male cerebellum is negatively correlated with continuous performance test and the digital sequence test,while the FA value in the cerebellum of female patients is positively correlated with the spatial span test in the Wechsler Memory Scale.These findings indicate that the physiological and pathological mechanisms of schizophrenia may be different in different genders.2.Exploring the functional abnormalities of patients with schizophrenia without medication and the changes after risperidone monotherapy.We first use functional connectivity and the "winner take all" strategy to segment thalamic subregions in normal people.Then the difference of the dynamic functional connectivity between the thalamic subregions and the whole brain in first-episode schizophrenic patients and normal subjects was studied by two-sample t test.It was found that there were differences in the dynamic functional connectivity between the anterior and dorsomedial regions of the thalamus and right Precentral gyrus,ventral lateral regions of the thalamus and right Fusiform gyrus,the ventral posterior-lateral portions of thalamus and right Superior frontal gyrus,medial orbital,right Superior frontal gyrus,dorsolateral,lateral areas of the thalamus and right Inferior temporal gyrus.In longitudinal study,we found that most of these abnormal connections tended to be normal after 10 weeks of treatment in schizophrenia patients.At the same time,the machine learning algorithm of support vector regression is used to predict the clinical symptoms and curative effect through the connection mode of thalamic subregion.The results of successful prediction showed that the repaired junction area of thalamus had a certain contribution to the prediction of clinical symptoms and curative effect.In summary,schizophrenia is a mental disorder with abnormal brain structure and function.In its early stages,structural abnormalities and the connection between structural abnormalities and cognitive impairment are gender-specific,indicating genderspecific neurobiology.The involvement of academic substrates in the cognitive dysfunction of early schizophrenia is of great significance for different targeted interventions between men and women.At the same time,there are also functional abnormalities in its early stages.The abnormal connection pattern of the thalamic subregions is repaired after risperidone treatment,which not only reveals the significance of the subdivision of the thalamus,but also explains the "loss of schizophrenia".Connection" feature.At the same time,the connection pattern of thalamic subregions predicts the clinical symptoms and therapeutic effects,and also points out its potential significance for the treatment mechanism of schizophrenia.