E-friendly Preparation Of Epoxy-rich Graphene Oxide For Wound Healing

Despite the ever-growing endangerment caused by the multidrug resistance of bacteria,the development of effective antibacterial materials still remains a global challenge.Current antibiotic therapies cannot simultaneously inactivate bacteria and accelerate wound healing.In recent years,with the rapid development of nano materials,many researchers found that nanomaterials have great potential in antibacterial applications.Compared with traditional antimicrobial agents,antimicrobial nanomaterials have the advantages of safety,broad spectrum,long-term effect and high efficiency.Atibacterial nanomaterials mainly include antibacterial peptides,noble metal nanoparticles（NPs）,semiconductor nanoparticles,polymer nanostructures and carbon nanomaterials（CNMs）,etc.Among many antibacterial nanomaterials,CNMs have attracted much attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties and high biological safety,while graphene oxide（GO）has been widely studied for its rich oxygen-containing functional groups and good antibacterial properties.This study aimed to originally separate the intercalation of MnO₃⁺and the oxidation processes to synthesize epoxy-rich graphene oxide（erGO）nanofilms via an eco-friendly synthetic route,which possessed low density and large lamellar distribution,and was rich in epoxide.Importantly,the MnO₃⁺could be separated from the product and recycled for preparing the next generation of erGO nanofilms,which was quite economical and eco-friendly.The erGO nanofilm was capable of successfully inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria and even had excellent growth-inhibitory effects on the of Gram-positive bacteria including multidrug resistance（MDR）bacteria,as evidenced by antibacterial phenomena.Additionally,the erGO nanofilm with high·C density formed from epoxide exerted excellent antibacterial effects through tight membrane wrapping and induction of lipid peroxidation.The wound-healing property of the erGO nanofilm was evaluated via treatments of wounds infected by Staphylococcus aureus（S.aureus）and Escherichia coli（E.coli）,which not only killed bacteria but also accelerated wound healing in mice with skin infection.The novel erGO nanofilm with dual antimicrobial mechanisms might serve as a promising multifunctional antimicrobial agent for medical wound dressing with high biocompatibility.