Clinical Significance Of Serum Periostin And TGF-β₁ Expression In Children With Bronchiolitis Caused By Respiratory Syncytial Virus

ObjectiveBronchiolitis is the most common infectious disease of lower respiratory tract in infants and young children,which is mostly caused by virus infection,among which respiratory syncytial virus infection is the most common,but the specific mechanism and role of related inflammatory factors in its pathogenesis is still unclear.Material and MethodsA total of 72 patients with RSV bronchiolitis confirmed by clinical examination from November 2019 to October 2020 were selected in Department of Pediatrics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Zhongshan Boai Hospital Guangzhou Medical University.According to the severity of the disease,they were divided into three subgroups:mild group（n=27）,moderate group（n=25）and severe group（n=20）.Another 25 infants with normal physical examination in the same period were selected as the control group.The serum levels of Periostin and TGF-β₁ in the study group were detected by ELISA,and the correlation between them was analyzed.Results1.The positive rate of RSV was the highest in children with bronchiolitis.The months with the highest number of hospitalized cases and RSV cases were July,August and September.2.In acute stage,the serum levels of Periostin and TGF-β₁ in bronchiolitis group were significantly higher than those in control group（P<0.01）.3.In the convalescent period,the level of serum Periostin in bronchiolitis group was still higher than that in control group（P<0.01）,but there was no significant difference in the level of serum TGF-β₁ between bronchiolitis group and control group（P>0.05）.4.Compared with the children with bronchiolitis in the acute stage,the children in the recovery stage had a significant reduction in the level of Periostin and TGF-β₁ in serum（P<0.01）.5.The serum levels of Periostin and TGF-β₁ in severe bronchitis group were the highest,which were significantly higher than those in mild and moderate bronchitis group（all P<0.01）;6.In the recovery period,the serum level of Periostin in severe bronchitis group was higher than that in light and moderate bronchitis group（all P<0.01）;7.However,there was no significant difference in serum TGF-β₁ levels between the convalescent bronchiolitis subgroups and the control group.8.Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between serum Periostin and TGF-β₁ levels in children with bronchiolitis at acute stage（r=0.717,P<0.01）.There was no correlation between serum Periostin and TGF-β₁ in the convalescent children in the bronchitis group（r=0.371,P=0.068）.There was no correlation between serum Periostin and TGF-β₁ levels in the control group（r=0.147,P=0.484）.Conclusion1.RSV is still the main pathogen of infection in children with bronchiolitis in this area,and the high incidence season is summer and autumn（July to September）.2.Serum Periostin and TGF-β₁expression levels are both elevated in children with RSV folliculitis in the acute phase,but the high serum Periostin expression level lasts longer than TGF-β₁.3.Serum Periodin and TGF-β₁ expression levels are positively correlated with the severity of the disease in children with RSV folliculitis.Dynamic observation of serum Periostin and TGF-β1 levels may be helpful for judging the severity of RSV folliculitis in children.