Contamination Status Of Antibiotic Resistance Genes And Microbial Population Diversity In Environmental Media Of Typical Veterinary Antibiotic Production Base

Since the discovery of penicillin in 1930 s,antibiotics have been widely used to prevent and treat various bacterial infections.In recent years,the problem of overuse and abuse of antibiotics has become increasingly prominent,which promotes the increase and spread of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)and antibiotic resistant bacteria.The contamination of ARGs has become a public health issue of widespread concern.The traditional detection methods of ARGs are mainly microorganism purification culture and biochemical experimental identification,which not only consumes a lot of time to culture screening and identification,but also requires specific culture conditions.For a wide variety of microorganisms,the difficulty of cultivation is greatly increased.At present,modern molecular biology technology is developing rapidly.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR has high sensitivity,strong specificity,high sensitivity,and the method is fast and simple.The high throughput of the third-generation biological sequencing technology makes the analysis of microbial populations a huge advantage.In this study,the contamination of antibiotic resistance genes and microbial populations in the surrounding environment of a typical veterinary antibiotic production base were detected and analyzed.Its main contents are:Part 1 Detection the contamination of antibiotic resistance genes in the environmental media of a typical veterinary antibiotic production base by fluorescence quantitative PCR techniqueFluorescent quantitative PCR technology was used to extract and detect the contamination status of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in river water and soil near the sewage outlet of a veterinary drug antibiotic production base in Shijiazhuang,and analyze the abundance and distribution of ARGs in different sampling points and in different months.The results showed that a total of 11 ARGs,one integron and one transposon were detected.Among them,the sulfonamide resistance genes(sul I)and β-lactam resistance genes(bla SHV)were the most abundant in water and soil environment.Both river water and soil showed that the relative abundance of ARGs downstream of the sewage outlet was higher than that of upstream non-polluted areas(P<0.05),and the relative abundance of movable genetic elements(MGEs)in rivers and the relative abundance of ARGs were significant Correlation(P<0.05),indicating that it may promote the horizontal transfer of ARGs.Part 2 Study on microbial population structure and diversity in environmental media of veterinary antibiotic production baseThe 16 S r RNA gene(V4)sequence analysis and species annotation were performed on the extracted whole genome by the three-generation sequencing method to analyze the diversity of microbial populations in the surrounding environment of the veterinary drug production base and the differences in populations between different locations.The bacterial population is classified into 29 phylum,612 genus,and 849 species.The dominant phylum of bacteria is the Proteobacteria,and it is the absolute dominant phylum.The Shannon diversity index of bacteria showed that the bacterial abundance of downstream rivers was significantly higher than that of upstream non-polluted areas(P<0.001),but the difference in bacterial abundance between soil samples was not significant.The difference in bacterial abundance between soil samples is not obvious.The Lef Se difference statistics of the microbial community found that there are multiple biomarkers between this veterinary drug production base and the upstream non-polluted area.Significant differences between a variety of functional genes have also been found in the metabolic pathways of microorganisms.These have the same trend as antibiotic resistance genes,so the population composition of microorganisms is likely to be related to ARGs and promote their spread.